Women -- Italy -- Rome; Women -- Italy -- Rome -- Social life and customs
This man was the son of that Vitellius who had so shamelessly flattered
Messalina and so basely deserted her in her extremity of need. His
mother's name was Sextilia, and she is reported to have been a most
excellent and respectable woman, whose character was formed on the
model of the ancient morals. Her death is said to have been brought
about by her son, in order that the prediction of a German prophetess
might be certain of fulfilment, she having told him that, he would reign
in security, if he survived his mother. He is accused of having denied
her proper nourishment during her illness. Suetonius, however, adds,
"that being quite weary of the woeful state of affairs, and apprehensive
of the future, she obtained without difficulty a dose of poison from her
son."
Petronia was the first wife of Vitellius. A separation took place which
was probably mutually agreed upon, for Petronia bequeathed her property
to their son; first requiring, however, that he be released from his
father's authority, Vitellius agreed to this; but shortly after, the son
died by poison believed to have been administered by his father. A woman
named Galeria Fundano became the second wife of Vitellius; but of her
nothing more is known than that Tacitus speaks of her gentle
disposition.
With Vitellius, to reign meant merely to feast royally. In this,
however, he was only the leading and most noteworthy exponent of a vice
characteristic of his time. Gluttony, among the Romans, had come to be
exalted to an art; and, in proof that the women of those days were not
exempt from it, historians inform us that it was common for individuals
of the female sex to be afflicted with the gout. Suetonius thus
describes the kind of feasting to which Vitellius accustomed the
nobility of Rome: "At a supper given him by his brother, on the day of
his arrival in Rome, there were served two thousand rare fishes and
seven thousand birds. But Vitellius threw into the shade all this
profusion by using on his own table a huge dish, which he named the
Shield of Minerva. In it were livers of plaice, brains of pheasants and
peacocks, flamingoes' tongues, roe of lamprey, and a thousand other
things which the ships of war had sought from the remotest border of
the Euxine to the Pillars of Hercules."
This dish of Vitellius was made of silver. What its exact weight was we
do not know; but inasmuch as a freedman of Claudius had constructed one
of five hundred pounds weight, which was evidently inferior, we can well
believe the ancient writer when he tells us that the Shield of Minerva
was of such prodigious size that a special furnace had to be constructed
for its manufacture. It was kept as a monument of extravagance until the
time of Hadrian, who caused it to be melted.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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