Basilica, Christian, 33, 34, 36, 50, 67, 186, 209; domestic, 34, 35; Flavian, 35; forensic, 19, 20, 24, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37; Julia, 20, 30; Ulpian, 31 Baths, public, 19-21, 24, 30, 31, 39, 54, 61, 99 Beggars, 11-12, 54, 99 Belli, Gioacchino, 140 Bell towers. _See_ Towers Benedict XI., 241 Benedict XIII., 167 Benedict XIV., 59, 178 Benedict, S., 78 Beneficent clubs, 68 Beneventum, 7 _Berretta_, 204, 205, 209 Bibulus, 29 Bismarck, 255 "Blacks" and "Whites," 252-4 Boatmen's guild, 63 Bombardment of Rome, 212 Bonaparte, 171 Boncompagni, 170 Boniface VII., 241 Boniface VIII., 164, 165, 167, 168, 201, 241 "Book of the Art," 84, 86 Borghese, 123, 170, 171, 174 Borgo, 55, 90, 228, 240 Bracciano, 17, 168; duke of, 167 Braschi, 173 Breakspear, Nicholas, 240 _Breccias_, 27 Bricks, 23, 25, 37 Brigands, 11, 54, 89, 96, 150 Buffalo Bill, 89 Building crisis, 12 Burial guilds, 8, 42, 63, 77 _Butteri_, 89, 90 _Buzzuri_, 138 Byzantium, Byzantine, 42, 137, 234 Cadorna, General, 246 Caecilia Metella, 29, 168 Caecilii, 45, 46 Caelian hill, 5, 31, 53, 202 Caesar, Julius, 29, 30 Caesarius, S., 74 Caetani, 164, 168, 177 Cafe, 101, 142 _Cafoni_, 138 Calabria, Calabrese, 126, 139, 155 Caligula, 31 Callistus, catacomb of, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46; Pope, 42 _n._; Callistus III. 60 _Camorra_, 139, 139 _n._ Campagna, 17, 21, 38, 69-80, 83, 89-92, 107, 228; cattle in, 77; cities, ancient, of, 72; deaths in the, 77, 90, 143; malaria in, 74-5; towns of, 78, 107 Campitelli, _rione_, 56 Campo de' Fiori, 219 Campo Marzo (Campus Martius), 18, 22, 30, 33, 37, 55, 59, 60, 163, 228 Campo Vaccino, 61, 62 _Cancellum_, 19, 35 Candelabra, 36 Canon law, 238 Canon, a, of S. M. in Trastevere, 232 Canonisation, 50 Canossa, 239 Capitol, 4, 18, 28, 30, 31, 38, 56, 57, 58, 130, 135, 161, 169, 172, 173, 240 _Capo d'arte_, 66 _Capo rione_, 57, 58 _Cappa magna_, 209 Captains, regional, 54, 55, 56, 58 Carabineers, 150, 151, 151 _n._, 225 Caracalla, 20, 21, 32 Cardinal, Bishops, 201, 205; Chamberlain, 210; deacons, 201, 202, 205; priests, 201, 202, 205; vicar, 201, 251 Cardinal's dress, 204, 206, 209, 210; hat, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209; vicar, 201 Cardinals, 15, 58, 159, 175, 200-211, 225, 228, 240, 241 Cardinals, College of, 15, 201, 202, 205, 210, 241, 252 Carnival, 58 Carrara marble, 25 Carters, carts, 63, 72, 88, 90, 96, 228 Caserta, 168, 177 Cassandrino, 141 Castel Gandolfo, 171, 247