Mars, 3, 59, 74; spears of, 3; Ultor, 30 Marshall of Conclave, 170, 211; of the Pope's Horse, 170 Martin V., 166 Martyrs, 41, 42, 43, 51 Mass, 3, 184, 191, 224, 232; in the Campagna, 76; commemorations in the, 49 Massimo family, 168 Master of Ceremonies, 205; of Sant'Ospizio, 170; workers, 67 Mausolea. _See_ Tombs Maxentius, 32 Maximi Caecilii, 45 Mazzini, 214 Meals, Roman, 97 Menage, Roman, 93 Merchants, 63 _Mercanti di Campagna_, 77 _Mesata secca_, 106 Michael Angelo, 165 Michael, S., 74 Middle ages, 23, 36, 55, 65, 67, 161 Militia, Roman, 56, 64 Minerva, 18, 80, 181 Misericordia, 77 Mithras, 183 Mixed marriages, 122 Monasteries, 38, 66, 67, 96; number of, 249; suppression of, 248-9 Monastic professions, 249 Monks and nuns, 215, 220, 228, 229, 230, 249 Monopolies, 67 Monsignore of the papal wardrobe, 205; of roads and streets, 9 _Mons Saturninus_, 30 Monte Cassino, 179 Monte Cavo, 17, 78 Monte Giordano, 163 _Montes_, 53 Monti, 55, 59, 60 Monticiani, 60, 61, 62 _Morra_, 101 Mortar, 22, 23, 24 Mosaic, 36, 37, 39, 174; pavement, 27, 28, 33; sectile, 28 Moses, 45, 181; and Peter, 42 Mother houses, 249 Municipalities, Italian, 14, 15 Municipality, Roman, 13-16, 59 Municipal liberties, 14-16, 56, 64, 237, 245 Naples (Neapolitans), 72, 89, 126, 132, 138-9, 147, 166, 168, 187, 188, 237 Napoleon, 61, 141, 171, 238 Navicella, 61 Nero, 20, 22, 29, 31 Nicholas III., 167 Nobility, Roman, 63, 159, 160, 172, 173, 174, 178, 253 Numa, King, 52, 62, 181 Numidia, 27 Obelisks, 26, 28, 33, 38 Obsession, 82 _Octroi_, 103 Odescalchi, 168, 172 Olevano, 79 Olive, 80 Olive harvest, 80 _Ombrellino_, 230 Opus incertum, 25; mixtum, 25; reticulatum, 25 Orderlies, 107 Oreglia, Cardinal, 203 Orsini family, 60, 160, 162, 163, 165; Filippo, 167-168; Giordino, 167, 168 Osteria, 100 Ostia, 26, 33, 63 Ostian Way, 70 Ostie, 229 Otho III., 7, 8 Oxen, 24, 26, 68, 77, 96 Pacca, Cardinal, 255 Pacca law, 255 Palaces of Caesars, 30, 33