In these early federations of cities there was always a tendency for one
particular city to slip into the position of leader, just as in modern
federations, that of Switzerland for example, there is a continual
tendency for the central authority to extend its influence. In Latium
there can be no doubt that Rome very soon began to assume some kind of
headship. Her position on the Tiber, and the constant strain that she
had to undergo in resisting the Etruscans, gave her an advantage over
the other Latin cities, who had to resist less constant annoyance from
less highly civilised enemies. I mean that the Roman people had both
nerve and brain so continually exercised that they developed not only
brute courage, but endurance, diplomatic skill and forethought. For a
whole century after they expelled their Etruscan kings they had to keep
up a continual struggle with the great Etruscan city of Veii, which was
only a few miles to the north of the river, on very high ground, and
with the smaller town of Fidenæ on the Tiber above Rome, which the
Veians could make use of to attack them from that side. No wonder that
when at last they succeeded in taking Veii they burnt it to the ground.
It is said that they thought of migrating to that lofty site themselves,
and abandoning the position on the Tiber; but they wisely gave up the
idea, and Veii was sacked and her goddess Juno brought to Rome. The site
is a deserted spot at the present day.
It was this prolonged struggle, in which the Latins were of course
called upon to help, that placed Rome in the position of leader of the
league, and from the moment it was over we find her attitude towards the
Latins a changed one. It is likely enough that she had long been growing
overbearing and unpopular with the other cities, but of this, if it was
so, we have no certain details. What we do know is that at the beginning
of the fourth century B.C., when a terrible disaster overtook Rome, the
Latins failed to serve her.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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