We saw that any citizen of a Latin city could buy and hold property,
marry and have legitimate children, in any other Latin city, knowing
that he was protected by the law in the enjoyment of these rights. But
after the rebellion this was all changed. A citizen could enjoy these
rights in his own city, or at Rome, but nowhere else, while a Roman
could enjoy them everywhere. A citizen of Præneste, for example, could
enjoy them at Præneste or Rome, but not in the neighbouring cities of
Tibur or Tusculum: while a Roman could do business in all these cities,
and be supported in all his dealings by the Roman law, which now began
gradually to permeate the whole of Latium. Rome thus had a monopoly of
business with the other cities, which were effectually isolated from
each other. To us this seems a cruel and selfish policy, and so in
itself it was. But we must remember that Rome had been all but destroyed
off the face of the earth, and that the Latins had done nothing, so far
as we know, to help her. To resist another such attack as that of the
Gauls, it was absolutely necessary for Rome to control the whole
military resources of Latium, and this she could not do in a loose and
equal federation. She was liable not only to assaults from the Gauls,
but from Etruscans, and, as we shall see directly, from Samnites, and,
if we find that in the struggle for existence she was at times unjust,
we may remember that there has hardly been a successful nation of which
the same might not be said. She saw that Latium must become Roman if
either Rome or the Latins were to survive, and she devised the principle
of isolation with this object.
From this time all Latins served in Roman armies nominally as allies,
but in reality as subjects; and all Latins who became Roman citizens
served in the Roman legions. When a military colony was founded, it
might be either Roman or Latin; but a Latin colony meant not necessarily
a collection of Latins; it might admit any one—Roman, Latin or other,
who threw in his lot with the new city and accepted the two rights of
trade and marriage described above. Thus the term Latin came to mean not
so much a man of a certain stock as a man with a certain legal position,
and so it continued for many centuries, while the new power rising to
prominence in the world came to be known not as Latin, but as Roman.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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