Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjectsProctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjects
Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Mr. Lockyer recognised in 1871 a corona resembling a star-like
decoration, with its rays arranged almost symmetrically--three
above and three below two dark spaces or rifts at the extremity of
a horizontal diameter. The rays were built up of innumerable bright
lines of different length, with more or less dark spaces between
them. Near the sun this structure was lost in the brightness of the
central ring, or inner corona. In the telescope he saw thousands of
interlacing filaments, varying in intensity. The rays so definite
to the eye were not seen in the telescope. The complex structure of
interlacing filaments could be traced only to a height of some five or
six minutes (from 135,000 to 165,000 miles) from the sun, there dying
out suddenly. The spectroscope showed that the inner corona, to this
height at least (but Respighi's spectroscopic observations prove the
same for a much greater distance from the sun), was formed in part
of glowing gas--hydrogen--and the vapour of some as yet undetermined
substance, shining with light of a green tint, corresponding to
1474 of Kirchhoff's scale. But also a part of the coronal light
came from matter which reflected sunlight; for its spectrum was the
rainbow-tinted streak crossed by dark lines, which we obtain from any
object illuminated by the sun's rays. It should be added that the
photographs of the corona in 1871 show the three great rays above and
three below, forming the appearance as of a star-like decoration,
described by Mr. Lockyer; insomuch as it is rather strange to find Mr.
Lockyer remarking that 'the difference between the photographic and
the visible corona came out strongly, ... and the non solar origin of
the radial structure was conclusively established.' The resemblance
is, indeed, not indicated in the rough copy of the photographs which
illustrates Mr. Lockyer's paper; but it is clearly seen in the
photographs themselves, and in the fine engraving which has been formed
from them for the illustration of the volume which the Astronomical
Society proposes to issue (some time in the present century, perhaps).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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