Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjectsProctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjects
Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
The Rapieff burner, employed in the 'Times' office, consists of four
carbon pencils, arranged thus [Symbol] (except that the two v's are
not in the same plane, but in planes at right angles to each other).
The spark crosses the space between the points of the v's, and
arrangements are made for keeping the two points at the right distance
from each other, and also for keeping the ends of the two pencils which
form each point in their proper position. If the current is from any
cause interrupted, an automatic arrangement is adopted to allow the
current to pass to the other lamps in the same circuit. There are
six lamps in circuit at the 'Times' office; and M. Rapieff has
exhibited as many as ten. The advantages claimed for this
light are the following:--'First, its production by any description
of dynamo-electric machine with either alternating or continuous
currents; secondly, great diversibility and complete independence
of the several lights, and long duration without change of carbons;
and lastly, the extreme facility with which any ordinary workman or
servant can renew the carbons when necessary, without extinguishing
the lights.' The last-named advantage results, it need hardly perhaps
be said, from the use of two carbons to form each point. One can be
removed, the other remaining to keep the voltaic arc intact until a
new carbon has been substituted for its fellow; then it in turn can be
replaced by a new carbon, the new carbon already inserted keeping the
voltaic arc intact.
The six lamps at the 'Times' office thoroughly illuminate the room, and
give light for working the eight Walter presses used in printing the
paper. The light has been thus used since the middle of last October,
and it is said that other rooms in the building are shortly to be
illuminated in the same manner. 'Each lamp is enclosed in an opal globe
of about four inches in diameter, and so little heat is given off, that
the hand can be placed on the globe without inconvenience, even after
the light has been burning for some time.'
In the Wallace lamp there are two horizontal plates of carbon, about
nine inches in diameter, instead of mere carbon points. When the
current is passing, these carbon plates are separated by a suitable
small distance which remains unchanged. The electric arc, being started
at the point along the edge of the carbons where there is least
resistance to the passage of the current, gradually passes along the
edge of the carbons as combustion goes on, changing the position of
the place of nearest approach and consequently of least resistance.
The light will thus burn for many hours (even for a hundred with large
carbon plates), and any number of lights up to ten can be worked from
the machine. The objection to the Wallace lamp is, that the light does
not remain at one point, but travels along the whole extent of the
carbons. It will not be easy to design a glass shade which will be
suitable for a light thus changing in position.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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