Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjectsProctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjects
Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
The evidence from the recent eclipses indicates beyond all possibility
of doubt or question, that during the years when sun-spots were
numerous, in 1870 and 1871, the corona, at least on the days of the
total solar eclipses in those years, presented an appearance entirely
different from that of the corona seen on July 29, 1878, when the sun
was almost free from spots. This will be more fully indicated further
on. At present it is necessary to notice only (1) that whereas in 1870
and 1871 the inner corona extended at least 250,000 miles from the
sun, it reached only to a height of some 70,000 miles in 1878; (2) in
1870 and 1871 it possessed a very complicated structure, whereas in
1878 the definite structure could be recognised only in two parts of
the inner corona; (3) in 1871 the corona was pink, whereas in 1878
it was pearly white; (4) the corona was ten times brighter in 1871
than in 1878; lastly, in 1871 the light of the corona came in part
from glowing gas, whereas in July, 1878, the light came chiefly, if
not wholly, from glowing solid or liquid matter. I must here point
out, that the evidence of change, however satisfactory in itself,
would be quite insufficient to establish the general theory that the
corona sympathises with the solar photosphere in the special manner
suggested by the recent eclipse observations. There are few practices
more unscientific, or more likely to lead to erroneous theorising, than
that of basing a general theory on a small number of observations.
In this case we have, in fact, but a single observed correspondence,
though the observations establishing it form a series. It has been
shown that so far as the special sun-spot period from the minimum of
1867 to the minimum of 1878 is concerned, there has been a certain
correspondence between the aspect of the corona and the state of
the sun's surface, with regard to spots. To assume from that single
correspondence that the corona and the sun-spots are related in the
same way, would be hazardous in the extreme. We may indeed find, when
we consider other matters, that the probability of a general relation
of this sort existing is so great antecedently, that but slight direct
evidence would be required to establish the existence of the relation.
But it must be remembered that before the eclipse of 1878 was observed,
with the special result I have noticed, few were bold enough to assert
the probable existence of any such relationship; and certainly no one
asserted that the probability was very strong. I believe, indeed, that
no one spoke more definitely in favour of the theory that the corona
probably sympathises with the sun-spots than I did myself before the
recent eclipse; but certainly I should not then have been willing to
say that I considered the evidence very strong.
We must then look for evidence of a more satisfactory kind.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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