Ruins of Buddhistic Temples in Prågå Valley—Tyandis Båråbudur, Mendut and PawonGroneman, I. (Isaac)
Religion
Ruins of Buddhistic Temples in Prågå Valley—Tyandis Båråbudur, Mendut and Pawon
Groneman, I. (Isaac)
Buddhist temples; Temples -- Indonesia -- Java
A future, _not yet existing_ Buddha can’t be materialized by a
_half-sculptured_ image, and the _fifth_ Dhyâni-Buddha is never hewed in
the posture of the hands of the _second_, but always, such as on the
northern lower walls, in his _own mudrâ_ whereas the _future_ Buddhas as
_Bodhisattvas_ were represented not only in other postures but also in
another dress and ornament and with their own attributes.
Besides, the hypothesis challenged by me would not yet solve still
existing mysteries, but would only give rise to other enigmas which
don’t bring us any farther.
The explanation of the fact may be much simpler.
_I_ think it may have been considered quite unnecessary to finish a
sculpture in such an accurate manner like all the other ones, if it
should be hidden from sight for ever.
What is the meaning of these different Buddhas?
According to the posture of the hands we may divide them into
_six_—according to other data into _three_ groups. _Nothing more_ and
_nothing less_.
The _three_ groups are:
1. The 432 Buddhas of the open temple-niches on the five richly hewed
encircling walls, all of them seated on lotus-thrones and crowned
with glories.
2. The 72 Buddhas of the open worked _tyaityas_ on the three round
terraces, without any glory or lotus-throne but represented by the
_padmâsana_ of the tyaitya-foot. But even the human and animal
world hewn under the niche-Buddhas we don’t see there again.
3. The _only_ Buddha of the large dagob entirely sequestered, without
glory or throne, but seated above the _padmâsana_ which carries
the whole dagob.
The posture of the hands however, ought to refer to _six_ groups,
because there are _six_ different _mudrâs_.
Wilhelm von Humboldt was the first who considered _five_ of the _six_
Buddhas to be the representations of the five _Dhyâni_-Buddhas.
_Three_ of them: Vairotyana, Akshobhya and Ratna Sambhava successively
redeemed and ruled over three following former worlds; the _fourth_,
Amitâbha—our Gautama or _Shakya-muni_—ruled over _our_ world these 24
centuries, and is said to be succeeded, after the creation of a new
world, by the _fifth_ and last, Amogasiddha, the _Buddha of love_.
Especially in the posture of the hands there is some conformity
between five of the six Båråbudur-images and the five Dhyâni-Buddhas
such as we see them hewed in Asia. But there are also some points of
difference.
In the Mongol countries, for instance, the _two first_ Dhyâni-Buddhas
are throning in the East; the _third_ in the South, the _fourth_ in
the West and the _fifth_ in the North[76].
Taking, according to the posture of the hands, the images of our ruins
to be _Dhyâni_-Buddhas the East would then be only occupied by the
_second_ and the _zenith_ by the first of them, that is, above the
round terraces which don’t dominate any region of heaven. But this
happens more elsewhere in Asia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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