Produced by Ron Swanson _RULERS OF INDIA_ EDITED BY SIR WILLIAM WILSON HUNTER, K.C.S.I., C.I.E. M.A. (OXFORD): LL.D. (CAMBRIDGE) ALBUQUERQUE _London_ HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE AMEN CORNER, E.C. [_All rights reserved_] [Illustration: MAP OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE] [Frontispiece: Portrait signed Afonso de Albuquerque] RULERS OF INDIA ALBUQUERQUE BY H. MORSE STEPHENS LECTURER ON INDIAN HISTORY AT CAMBRIDGE AUTHOR OF 'A HISTORY OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION,' 'THE STORY OF PORTUGAL,' etc. OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS: 1892 Oxford PRINTED AT THE CLARENDON PRESS BY HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY PREFACE Affonso de Albuquerque was the first European since Alexander the Great who dreamed of establishing an empire in India, or rather in Asia, governed from Europe. The period in which he fought and ruled in the East is one of entrancing interest and great historical importance, and deserves more attention than it has received from the English people, as the present ruling race in India. Dr. A. C. Burnell, an authority second to none in Indian historical questions, says in his prefatory note to _A Tentative List of Books and some MSS. relating to the History of the Portuguese in India Proper_: 'In the course of twenty years' studies relating to India, I found that the history of the Portuguese had been shamefully neglected.... In attempting to get better information, I found that the true history of the Portuguese in India furnishes most important guidance for the present day, and the assertions commonly made about it are utterly false, especially in regard to the ecclesiastical history.' I purpose, therefore, to give a short list of the more important works on the history of the Portuguese in the East during the sixteenth century, while they were a conquering and a ruling power, in the hope that it may be useful to any one wishing to investigate the subject further than it has been possible for me to do in this volume. I confine myself to the sixteenth century and to books on political history, as I have not the knowledge to classify the numerous works on the history of the Roman Catholic Missions in India, which is closely bound up with the ecclesiastical history of the Portuguese in the East.