[15] Preussischen Staatsarchiven. Bd. 4. Memoiren der Herzogin Sophie, pp. 34-35. [16] Letters and Negotiations of Sir T. Roe, p. 74. Elizabeth to Roe, 19 Aug. 1622. [17] Publication aus den Preussischen Staatsarchiven. Bd. 4. Memoiren der Herzogin Sophie, pp. 34-35. [18] Ibid. [19] Hauesser, Geschichte der Rheinischen Pfalz. Vol. II. p. 510. [20] Lansdowne MSS. 817. Fol. 157-168. Brit. Mus. [21] Warburton, Rupert and the Cavaliers, Vol. I. p. 449. [22] Memoiren der Herzogin Sophie, p. 35. Publication aus den Preussischen Staatsarchiven. [23] Harleian MSS. 6988. Fol. 83. British Museum. [24] Howell's Familiar Letters. Edition 1726. Bk I. p. 177. 25 Feb. 1625. [25] Strickland's Elizabeth Stuart. Queens of Scotland, Vol. VIII. pp. 134, 161. Green's Princesses. V. 468-9. [26] Warburton, Vol. I. p. 49, _note_. [27] Strickland, Elizabeth Stuart, p. 138. [28] Bromley Letters, p. 20. [29] Spruener's Pfalzgraf Ruprecht, p. 17. Staatsbibliothek zu Muenchen. [30] Green, English Princesses, Vol. V. p. 515. [31] Bromley Letters, p. 124. [32] Dict. of National Biography. Art. Elizabeth of Bohemia. [33] Letters and Negotiations of Roe, p. 146. [34] Memoiren der Herzogin Sophie, p. 43. [35] Spruener, p. 15. MSS. der Staatsbibliothek zu Muenchen. [36] Briefwechsel der Herzogin Sophie mit Karl Ludwig von der Pfalz, p. 309. [37] Dom. State Papers. Chas. I. Vol. 325. Fol. 47. Eliz. to Roe, 4 June, 1636. [38] Ibid. Roe to Eliz., 20 July, 1636. Vol. 329. fol. 21. [39] Memoiren der Herzogin Sophie, pp. 38-39. [40] Bromley Letters, p. 97. [41] Forster's Statesmen, Vol. VI. p. 81, _note_ [42] Memoiren der Herzogin Sophie, pp. 36-37. [43] Memoirs of the Princess Palatine. Blaze de Bury. p. 112. [44] Strickland, Elizabeth Stuart, p. 174. {20} CHAPTER II RUPERT'S EARLY CAMPAIGNS. FIRST VISIT TO ENGLAND. MADEMOISELLE DE ROHAN At the age of thirteen Rupert made his first campaign. Prince Henry of Orange had succeeded his brother Maurice as Stadtholder, and under his Generalship, the Protestant states of Holland still carried on the struggle against Spain and the Spanish Netherlands, which had raged since the days of William the Silent. The close alliance of Spain with the Empire, and of Holland with the Palatines, connected this war with the religious wars of Germany; young Rupert was full of eagerness to share in it, and the Stadtholder, with whom the boy was a special favourite, begged Elizabeth's leave to take him and his elder brother on the campaign of 1633. The Queen consented, saying, "He cannot too soon be a soldier in these active times."[1] But hardly was the boy gone, than she was seized with fears for his morals, and recalled him to the Hague. Rupert submitted reluctantly, but the remonstrances of the Stadtholder, ere long, procured his return to the army.