The Stunda is perhaps the largest and most rapidly developing faction
of nonconformity, for it has ramified from Odessa--its starting
point--throughout Tsarland, save in the extreme north and north-east.
This faith can be traced directly to the influence of certain Lutherans
who emigrated from Wuertemberg and settled in the fruitful
"_tchenoziom_," or black earth lands, some half-century ago. The
Stundist organization is much like that of the "Low Church" division
of Protestantism, save that it has no ordained clergy, a body whom
it regards as a somewhat expensive luxury, and replaces by elected
elders, who lead the very simple services, at which any man or
woman who feels called upon to do so may say what he or she will.
These gatherings are more prayer-meetings than services, for there
is no "Form of Prayer" to be used, but simply informal prayer,
praise and song in the best room of a farmhouse, though, now that
the Government are not so strict in their search after heretics,
regular wooden "meeting-houses" have appeared in some of the Stundist
villages.
If few of the rational sects have committed their history and their
views, or indeed their creeds, to writing, lest they should fall
into the hands of spies and be used in evidence against them, much
more is this the case with those whose search after truth has led
them to forsake the lines of rationalism and enter the land of
mysticism and spiritualism. But two of these mystic schisms need
we touch upon in this article, in order to show to what lengths
the Mujik will go in his efforts to escape from the trammels of
Orthodoxy, and with what logic he will follow up any given line of
thought. Most of the irrational sects are older than those already
mentioned, and do not seem to have their roots in other lands,
but to be the expression of the Mujik's own mind in its waking
moments: thus the "Khlystsy"--the name is a nickname taken from
the word "Khlyst" (a whip)--date back to the early days of the
Seventeenth Century. They hold that Christ has made and still makes
repeated appearances on earth and in Russia, and indeed they are
seldom without an incarnate God present with them in flesh and
blood.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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