Of general works which may be helpful to the student of Russian literature I shall name Ralston’s _Early Russian History_, _Songs of the Russian People_, and _Russian Folk Tales_ (1872-1874), as also his translation of Afanásieff’s _Legends_; Rambaud’s _La Russie épique_ (1876) and his excellent _History of Russia_ (Engl. trans.); _Le roman russe_, by Voguë; _Impressions of Russia_, by George Brandes (translated by Eastman; Boston, 1889), and his _Moderne Geister_, which contains an admirable chapter on Turguéneff. Of general works in Russian, the following may be named: _History of Russian Literature in Biographies and Sketches_, by P. Polevóy, 2 vols., illustrated (1883; new edition, enlarged, in 1903); and _History of the New Russian Literature from 1848 to 1898_, by A. Skabitchévskiy, 4th ed., 1900, with 52 portraits. Both are reliable, well written, and not bulky works--the former being rather popular in character, while the second is a critical work which goes into the analysis of every writer. The recently published _Gallery of Russian Writers_, edited by I. Ignátoff (Moscow, 1901), contains over 250 good portraits of Russian authors, accompanied by one page notices, quite well written, of their work. A very exhaustive work is _History of the Russian Literature_ by A. Pýpin, in 4 vols., (1889), beginning with the earliest times and ending with Púshkin, Lérmontoff, Gógol, and Koltsóff. The same author has written a _History of Russian Ethnography_, also in 4 vols. Among works dealing with portions only of the Russian literature the following may be mentioned: Tchernyshévskiy’s _Critical Articles_, St. Petersburg, 1893; Annenkoff’s _Púshkin and His Time_; O. Miller’s _Russian Writers after Gógol_; Merezhkóvskiy’s books on Púshkin and another on Tolstóy; and Arsénieff’s _Critical Studies of Russian Literature_, 2 vols., 1888 (mentioned in the text); and above all, of course, the collections of _Works_ of our critics: Byelínskiy (12 vols.); Dobrolúboff (4 vols.), Písareff (6 vols.), and Mihailóvskiy (6 vols.), completed by his _Literary Reminiscences_.