Russian Prisons: St. Peter and St. Paul; the Schlüsselburg; the Ostrog at Omsk; the story of Siberian exile; Tiumen, Tomsk, SaghalienGriffiths, Arthur
History
Russian Prisons: St. Peter and St. Paul; the Schlüsselburg; the Ostrog at Omsk; the story of Siberian exile; Tiumen, Tomsk, Saghalien
Griffiths, Arthur
Exiles -- Russia (Federation) -- Siberia -- History; Prisons -- Russia -- History
Under the brutal system in force, insane companions, often raging
lunatics, were confined with the rest. There were no asylums in Siberia,
and the insane lived in association with the sane, adding much to the
miseries of both. “In more than one place in the Trans-Baikal we were
startled,” says Kennan, “as we entered a crowded prison _kamera_, by
some uncared-for lunatic, who sprang suddenly toward us with a wild cry
or with a burst of hysterical laughter.... It is easier and cheaper to
make the prison comrades of a lunatic take care of him than to keep him
in seclusion and provide him with an attendant. For educated political
prisoners, who dread insanity more than anything else, it is, of course,
terribly depressing to have constantly before them, in the form of a
wrecked intelligence, an illustration of the possible end of their own
existence.”
Several painful episodes soon followed the recommittal of the “free
command” to prison. One was the suicide of Eugene Semyanovski, a young
journalist connected with the underground journal _Onward_, who had
gained his conditional freedom and lost it. He left a letter to his
father bemoaning his hard fate, written the night before his reëntry to
prison, and shot himself in his bed. Another political hanged himself in
the prison bath-house, and a third poisoned himself by drinking water in
which he had soaked lucifer matches. Another most affecting incident was
the mental failure of Madame Kovalevskaya, a brilliant woman, who had
been actively concerned in the revolutionary propaganda as the only
means of securing free institutions in the empire. She was sentenced to
penal servitude at Kara, where she presently joined the “free command.”
Her husband was also exiled, but was sent to Minusinsk in Eastern
Siberia, so that no less than a thousand miles intervened between the
pair. Their only child had been left behind at Kiev in Russia. Madame
Kovalevskaya’s insanity declared itself after she went back to Kara
prison and while Colonel Kanonovich was still in command, and she was
then allowed to join her husband, but after partial recovery she was
returned to Kara. Eventually, after the cowardly oppression of her
comrades, she committed suicide.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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