Russian Prisons: St. Peter and St. Paul; the Schlüsselburg; the Ostrog at Omsk; the story of Siberian exile; Tiumen, Tomsk, SaghalienGriffiths, Arthur
History
Russian Prisons: St. Peter and St. Paul; the Schlüsselburg; the Ostrog at Omsk; the story of Siberian exile; Tiumen, Tomsk, Saghalien
Griffiths, Arthur
Exiles -- Russia (Federation) -- Siberia -- History; Prisons -- Russia -- History
Most convicts exhibited similar personal traits. A few showed a gay,
frivolous demeanour, which drew down on them the unmixed contempt of
their fellows; the larger number were morose, envious, inordinately
vain, presumptuous, susceptible and excessively ceremonious. Their first
endeavour was to bear themselves with dignity; to submit to discipline
and obey the rules, but with self-respect, so long as they were enforced
fairly and reasonably. Established usage had great weight, almost as
much as official regulations. Every new arrival was soon brought into
line and found his level with the rest. A man at first reception might
seek to show off and astonish his fellows by bold talk and loud threats,
but it was all wasted breath; he soon yielded submission, willingly or
unwillingly, unconsciously perhaps, to the predominant tone of the
place.
Class distinctions were not ignored in this Russian _ostrog_, but
convicts of noble birth, of title even, and educated as gentlemen, had
an especially hard time. In English prisons such persons receive a
certain consideration from their fellows, are addressed civilly and
treated with some respect. At Omsk they were cordially disliked and
subjected to many annoyances. There were some half-dozen, like
Dostoyevski, of noble rank, who had been degraded from their position
and were looked down upon and despised by the other convicts, who would
not admit them as members of their class. A gibe commonly heard was,
“Ah, Monsieur’s carriage once drove people in the street; now Monsieur
picks hemp.” Their comrades were aware of their peculiar sufferings and
made sport of them. “It was above all when we were working together,”
declares Dostoyevski, “that we had most to endure, for our strength was
not equal to theirs and we were seldom of much use at labour. Nothing is
more difficult than to gain the confidence of the common people; above
all such people as these!”
The unequal effect of the punishment was very marked in the _ostrog_. “A
common man,” says our author, “sent to hard labour, finds himself in
kindred society, perhaps even in a more interesting society than he has
known. He loses his native place and his family, but his ordinary
surroundings are much the same as before. A man of education, condemned
by law to the same punishment as the common man, suffers incomparably
more. He must stifle all his needs, all his habits; he must descend into
a lower sphere, must breathe another air. He is like a fish thrown upon
the sand. The punishment he undergoes, nominally equal for all criminals
according to law, is ten times more painful and more severe for him than
for the common man. This is an incontestable truth, even if one thinks
only of the material habits that must be sacrificed.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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