Rust, Smut, Mildew, & Mould: An Introduction to the Study of Microscopic FungiCooke, M. C. (Mordecai Cubitt)
Science
Rust, Smut, Mildew, & Mould: An Introduction to the Study of Microscopic Fungi
Cooke, M. C. (Mordecai Cubitt)
Phytopathogenic fungi -- Great Britain
In the Journal of the Microscopical Society, Mr. F. Currey has detailed
several instances of di-morphism which have fallen within his
experience. In one instance he has shown that a small simple spored
fungus, termed _Cryptosporium Neesii_, Ca., is only a state or condition
of a fungus with compound fruit, belonging to the _Sphœria_ section of
ascigerous fungi, called _Valsa suffusa_, Fr. Both plants are exactly
alike externally, but the perithecium, or flask-like receptacle
containing the fructification, in one instance only holds naked spores,
and in the other the spores are contained in little elongated vesicular
bags or asci, which are packed within the perithecium.
Whilst writing this, one of the most wonderful books in a book-producing
age lies beside us; it is the second volume of a work on fungi, by the
brothers Tulasne; and this, as well as its predecessor, is devoted to
this very subject of a multiplicity of form in the fructification of
these plants. Illustrated by the most exquisite of engravings which art
has ever produced, it also unfolds many a page in the history of these
organisms, for which mycologists were not altogether unprepared. In
noticing this work, one of our most eminent authors on mycological
subjects quotes as an example _Dothidia ribis_, Fr., one of our most
common fungi, which occurs in the form of little black shields on dead
twigs of currants and goose-berries. Here we have, he says, naked spores
(_conidia_) growing on the external cells of the stroma; we have naked
spores of a second kind (_stylospores_) produced in distinct cysts
(_pycnides_); we have minute bodies of a third kind (_spermatia_)
produced again in distinct cysts, resembling very closely similar bodies
in lichens; and we have a third kind of cysts, containing the usual
sporidia in sausage-shaped hyaline sacs (_asci_). Even here, however, we
have not done with marvels; for if the stylospores are placed in water,
they produce in the course of twenty-four hours conidia of a second
order, exactly analogous to those which arise on the germination of the
spores of the rusts and mildews which affect our cereals and other
plants.
Further reference is also made to three species of moulds, which M.
Tulasne has shown to be only varied forms of the mycelium of a species
of _Sphœria_ common to various plants; these moulds having been hitherto
regarded as fungi perfect in themselves.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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