At the masthead of the ships of this period, the chief ship of the
fleet carried a vane or flag. The Bayeux tapestry also shows the
_Mora_, William’s flagship. The truck is surmounted by a cross,
and there appears to be a lantern immediately below of somewhat
similar appearance to that on the Bœotian ship in Fig. 11. We do
not know to what exact knowledge of seamanship the crews of William
the Conqueror had attained,[46] but they would, at least some of
them, have crossed many times between the two countries before in
connection with trade, and they would have been able to acquire by
experience and observation, the necessary knowledge of the strong
channel tides which, although the coast-line between Pevensey to
the eastward has altered since the eleventh century, probably were
not much different from what they are to-day. They would have an
excellent mark in Beachy Head whereby to make a good land-fall, and
a sandy beach further to the eastward on which to disembark in the
bay, nicely sheltered from westerly winds. William, having once
landed in this country and vanquished Harold, did not neglect the
care of the navy. By 1071, or roughly the date when the font was
being placed in Brighton church just a few miles to the westward,
there was a fleet in being. Trade, too, between France and England
would now be even less fettered than before, and this would naturally
make for an increase in the merchant shipping. Nevertheless the
crews of William’s fleet would be more Norman than English. Nor was
shipbuilding neglected in other parts of Great Britain, for Hakluyt
gives a chronicle of the Kings of Man, in which we find that Godredus
Crovan, who gathered together a fleet of ships and sailed to the Isle
of Man, vanquished its people, and subdued Dublin, and “so tamed the
Scots that none of them durst build a ship or a boate with above
three yron nailes in it.”
Under Henry I. the maritime industry prospered much, and the king
collected a squadron of great size. Up to this time it had been the
custom that any cargo cast ashore from a wreck became _ipso facto_
the property of the king. But Henry caused a law to be put into force
that should any one escape from a wreck alive, the ship should not be
treated as lost, and her contents should not have ceased to belong
to her owner. In this reign too, we learn of _La Blanche Nef_, a
fifty-oared vessel that had as many as three hundred souls on board
when she foundered on the rocks off the race of Catteville in the
year 1120.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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