[60] “Naval Accounts and Inventories of the Reign of Henry VII.,” edited by M. Oppenheim, Navy Records Society, 1896. I wish to acknowledge my indebtedness to this valuable volume for much information in connection with Henry VII.’s ships. [61] In the Middle Ages it was the custom to refer to the masts of a ship possessing four in the manner as above. The aftermost was the bonaventure. [62] “On the Spanish Main,” by John Masefield, London, 1906. See chap, xvi., on “Ships and Rigs.” [63] See article by W. Laird Clowes in vol. ii. of Traill and Mann’s “Social England,” London, 1901. [64] See “Christopher Columbus and the New World of his Discovery,” by Filson Young, London, 1906. The reader is especially advised to study an admirable article in vol. ii. of this work on “The Navigation of Columbus’s First Voyage,” by the Earl of Dunraven. [65] See “Ancient and Modern Ships,” by Sir G. C. V. Holmes. [66] London, 1830. [67] “Navi Venete.” [68] See “Letters and Papers relating to the War with France, 1512-1513,” by Alfred Spont, Navy Records Society, 1897. [69] “A History of the Administration of the Royal Navy and of Merchant Shipping in Relation to the Navy,” vol. i., 1509-1660, by M. Oppenheim, London, 1896. [70] “On the Spanish Main,” by John Masefield, chap. xvi., on “Ships and Rigs.” [71] Reprinted in “The Naval Miscellany,” edited by Professor Sir J. K. Laughton, M.A., R.N., vol. i., Navy Records Society, 1902. [72] This was the Missa Sicca (Messe Sèche), the “Messe Navale,” or “Missa Nautica,” in which no consecration took place. [73] See “Companion to English History (Middle Ages),” edited by F. P. Barnard, M.A., F.S.A., Oxford, 1902; article on “Shipping,” by M. Oppenheim. [74] Manwayring, who fought in the English Fleet against the Armada, states that a “cross-sail” (square-rigged) ship in a sea cannot sail nearer than six points, unless there be tide or current setting her to windward. [75] See chap. iii. p. 78. This revival in Edward VI.’s time of lead sheathing was copied from the contemporary custom among Spanish ships. [76] P. 16. [77] “Judicious and Select Essayes,” p. 33. [78] See article on “Public Health,” by Charles Creighton, on p. 763, vol. i., of Traill and Mann’s “Social England.” [79] “Naval Tracts of Sir William Monson,” edited by M. Oppenheim, Navy Records Society. See vol. ii. p. 235. [80] Edited by Professor Sir J. K. Laughton, M.A., R.N., Navy Records Society, 1894. [81] Given on p. 274 of “State Papers relating to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada,” _vide supra_. [82] _Ibid._ p. 82. [83] See “The British Mercantile Marine: a Short Historical Review,” by Edward Blackmore, London, 1897. [84] “Naval Tracts of Sir William Monson,” edited by M. Oppenheim, Navy Records Society, 1902. See vol. ii. p. 328.