Salt mines and castles: The discovery and restitution of looted European artHowe, Thomas Carr
History
Salt mines and castles: The discovery and restitution of looted European art
Howe, Thomas Carr
Art -- Europe; World War, 1939-1945 -- Art and the war; World War, 1939-1945 -- Confiscations and contributions
It did not occur to the members of the E.R.R. staff that their every move
was watched. A courageous Frenchwoman named Rose Valland had ingratiated
herself with the “right people” and had become a trusted member of the
staff. During the months she worked at the museum, she had two main
objectives. One was to sabotage the daily work as much as possible by
making intentionally stupid mistakes and by encouraging the French
laborers, engaged by the Germans, to do likewise. The other, and far and
away the more important, was the compilation of a file, complete with
biographical data and photographs, of the German personnel at the Jeu
de Paume. How she ever accomplished this is a mystery. The colonel said
that Mlle. Valland, now a captain in the French Army, was working with
the official French committee for Fine Arts. She had already provided
our Versailles office with a copy of her E.R.R. file. Later in the
summer I met Captain Valland, a robust woman with gray hair and the most
penetrating brown eyes I have ever seen. I asked her how she had ever
had the courage to do what she had done. She said with a laugh, “I could
never do it again. The Gestapo followed me home every night.”
After regaling us with this account of the E.R.R., Colonel Webb whetted
our appetites still further with an outline of what his deputy, Charlie
Kuhn, was up to. As the result of a “signal,” he had taken off by plane
for Germany, and at the moment was either in the eastern part of Bavaria
or over the Austrian border, trying to trace two truckloads of paintings
and tapestries which two high-ranking Nazis had spirited away from the
Laufen salt mine at the eleventh hour. Latest information indicated
that the finest things from the Vienna Museum had been stored at
Laufen, which was in the mountains east of Salzburg; and it was further
believed that the “top cream” of the stuff—the Breughels, Titians and
Velásquezes—was in those two trucks. These pictures were world-famous
and consequently not marketable, so there was the appalling possibility
that the highjackers had carried them off with the idea of destroying
them—Hitler’s mad Götterdämmerung idea. There was also the possibility
that they intended to hold the pictures as a bribe against their own
safety.
Back at the hotel that night, Craig and I reviewed the events of the day.
What we had learned from Colonel Webb was only an affirmation of the
exciting things we had gleaned from the reports in the London office.
We were desperately anxious to get into Germany where we could be a
part of all these unbelievable adventures instead of hearing about them
secondhand. Strict censorship was still in force, so we weren’t able to
share our exuberance with our respective families in letters home. But we
could at least exult together over the fantastic future shaping up before
us.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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