of over ten thousand miles it _must_ become a port of call for coal and freight, for all steamships in the Atlantic Asiatic trade, unless such special limited business offers at Hawaii as will induce them to navigate nearly four hundred miles additional. Under these conditions these steamships will often handle California freight to be discharged and replaced with a _second_ freight for the Atlantic or for Asiatic Ports while coaling. The increased tonnage using Pacific Coast Ports for this reason will cheapen freights and add greatly to the business of its Ports. It cannot be claimed that steamers will prefer the longest route. Even between New York and Europe, where the shortest (or "great circle" route) infringes upon Cape Race, the transatlantic steamers run that dangerous, foggy and iceberg line, in preference to the longer _rhumb line_ further south, to save a much less distance, and they will certainly do so on the Pacific where the saving is much greater. I beg attention to the subjoined third table of distances of proving the assertions above made. That the canal will _divert_ some overland traffic from the railways is an indisputable fact. There must be a new adjustment of conditions. But there will arise with this adjustment a full compensation which will soon become _vastly more important_ than the long haul overland of a class of freights which are only carried overland to avoid the 15,000 miles Cape Horn route. In the increased, vastly more profitable _short haul_ to and from Pacific Coast tide water and in the increased passenger travel consequent upon the rapid development of the Pacific Coast our overland railways will find full compensation--the Canal will be of great benefit to them. When the short and cheap water way is available, European shipping to Pacific Ports will be largely steam freight tonnage. These steamers will load holds with English cargo and between decks with immigrants, and the Pacific Coast will rapidly settle up with these to the exclusion of Chinese. To such desirable emigration the Pacific Coast will for the first time be accessible at reasonable rates. At present the few that have the means to start for the Coast by overland railways are induced to settle in the middle West, and consequently Pacific Coast population increases very slowly. The same freight steamships will then return to Atlantic Ports, with Pacific Coast products: Cape Horn will become a memory.