distance from the centre of the town. [Illustration: FIG. 15.—CRAWLEY’S PATENT NIGHT-SOIL CART. ] [Illustration: FIG. 16.—RECEPTACLE CARTS. ] [Sidenote: Conservancy Carts.] [Sidenote: Receptacle Carts.] In order to effect the speedy removal of fæcal matter, the provision of suitable conservancy carts is of vital importance. Fig. 15, page 32, is an illustration of Crawley’s Patent Night-Soil Cart, and is a good one for general purposes. It is made entirely of wrought iron, with an air-tight door for filling and emptying; the latter is done by releasing a clip from the front of the barrel which connects it to the shafts and opening the lid, when the barrel turns on its centre and shoots out the contents. A 75–gallon capacity cart costs Rs. 130; a 110–gallon, Rs. 160; and a 200–gallon one Rs. 225. Small carts are preferable to large ones, as they take a shorter time to fill, and therefore tend to the more speedy removal of night-soil from crowded localities. They are also more easy to handle at the trenching grounds. It will sometimes be found advisable to provide receptacle carts for removing receptacles from latrines. Fig. 16, page 33, shows this arrangement. These, however, owing to their weight, and to the difficulties of placing and removing the receptacles when full cannot, excepting under special conditions, be recommended for municipal purposes. They cost, including 12–gallon receptacles, about Rs. 275. Each latrine must be provided with a receptacle, into which the buckets are emptied, this being placed in a convenient position at the back of the latrine; the cart starts on its rounds with six empty receptacles, visits the latrines where it picks up the full ones, and replaces them by clean ones. They are supplied in 6, 12 and 24–gallon sizes to suit requirements, and the arrangement avoids the nuisance of transferring the contents to a second utensil. [Illustration: FIG. 17.—NIGHT-SOIL RECEPTACLES AND HAND TRUCKS. ] [Sidenote: Hand Carts.] Hand carts are necessary in order to remove night-soil from houses built in narrow lanes and places where it is impossible to get bullock carts into. Fig. 17, page 34, shows a convenient arrangement for this. The receptacles vary in size from 12 to 33–gallons, and cost from Rs. 37 to Rs. 68 each; the bodies are detached from the hand truck by simply raising the handles and disengaging the two-forked bearings with the trunnion; they are fitted with a hinged lid and are made of strong galvanized iron; the hand truck is of strong and light design, the whole being of wrought iron. [Sidenote: Cesspools.]