Owing to the fact that earth for the construction of most of the huts in a bazaar has been excavated from the immediate vicinity of the buildings, it is a matter of much consideration to determine the most suitable levels the surface drains should start at, as it is of importance that these should be as shallow as circumstances admit of in order that they may obtain the full benefit of purification by sun and air. By adopting as high a level as possible at the head of the drain it enables better gradients, or falls, to be given which aids much in self-cleansing. The greatest care should be taken not to lose, or waste what little fall there is in the plains, as this is simply invaluable. Deep drains rapidly become foul at the sides and bottom, are difficult to flush owing to the quantity of water required to do so effectively, and great temptation is also given to adjacent house-holders to bridge them over with wide platforms, the consequence being that, sooner or later, the storm-water drain, designed as an open one, and for which it may originally have been more or less suitable, soon changes its character, and becomes a badly designed sewer, which imprisons and concentrates noxious effluvia. When a drain runs beneath a road, provision should be made for a part of it being easily uncovered to admit of examination and cleaning. All drains should open into others at acute, and not at right angles, and must join at top to top, and not at base level; where necessary the difference of level can be made up by falls. [Sidenote: Surface drainage of small roads.] The surface drainage of small roads and paths in a bazaar is best provided for by the construction of a central drain down the middle, to which the ground is made to slightly slope from each side; this prevents the accumulation of filth in the so-called side drains, which are generally merely long pits; and, provided a slight fall be given, they are self-cleaning at every shower of rain. In paths or gullies a small concrete saucer drain can be constructed, at a cost not exceeding four annas a lineal foot, into which the house connections can be made,—the paths being paved with bricks, set flat, not costing more than Rs. 2–8 per 100 square feet. These should be laid at a good slope to the drain, and as only foot traffic need be provided for, is amply strong enough. In many cases it will be found that adjacent house-holders are quite willing to pay for this work, when once a commencement is made, and the advantage is obvious to them. [Sidenote: Kutcha roadside drains.]