MARSHALL JONES COMPANY BOSTON · MASSACHUSETTS COPYRIGHT · 1924 · BY MARSHALL JONES COMPANY _All rights reserved_ Printed December, 1924 THE PLIMPTON PRESS · NORWOOD · MASSACHUSETTS PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA _To_ THE MEMORY OF BASIL LANNEAU GILDERSLEEVE MASTER, COLLEAGUE, AND FRIEND AND TO MY FORMER TEACHERS EDWARD CAPPS PAUL SHOREY ULRICH VON WILAMOWITZ-MOELLENDORFF δῶρον ’αντὶ μαγάλου σμικρόν A trifling gift in return for much. Ἑτερος ἐξ ἑτέρου σοφὸς τό τε πάλαι τό τε νῦν. οὐδὲ γὰρ ῥᾶστον ἀρρήτων ἐπέων πύλας ἐξευρεῖν. Poet is heir to poet, now as of yore; for in sooth ’tis no light task to find the gates of virgin song. JEBB, _Bacchylides_, p. 413, frag. 4 Immortal Sappho, maid divine, Thou sharest with the heavenly nine All honor. Shout through all the town That on her head we place a crown. Hasten with the chaplet green, Greet her one and all as queen; The Lesbian, a tenth muse we name, And prophesy that her bright fame Shall spread o’er all the world. This title till the stars do fall, Nations yet unborn shall call And glorify her name. (LUCY MILBURN) CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE CONTRIBUTORS TO THE FUND ii I. SOME APPRECIATIONS, ANCIENT AND MODERN 3 II. SAPPHO’S LIFE, LESBUS, HER LOVE-AFFAIRS, HER PERSONALITY AND PUPILS 14 III. THE LEGENDARY FRINGE 34 Sappho’s Physical Appearance, The Phaon Story, The Vice Idea IV. THE WRITINGS OF SAPPHO 46 V. SAPPHO IN ART 101 VI. SAPPHO’S INFLUENCE ON GREEK AND ROMAN LITERATURE 119 VII. SAPPHO IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND THE RENAISSANCE 134 VIII. SAPPHO IN ITALY IN THE 18TH AND 19TH CENTURIES 139 IX. SAPPHO IN LATIN TRANSLATIONS, IN SPANISH, AND IN GERMAN 148 X. SAPPHO IN FRENCH LITERATURE 160 XI. SAPPHO IN ENGLISH AND AMERICAN LITERATURE 188 An Addendum on Sappho in Russian 233 XII. SAPPHO’S INFLUENCE ON MUSIC 234 XIII. EPILOGUE AND CONCLUSION 237 NOTES 251 BIBLIOGRAPHY 268 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE