GERMAN. In 1710 Philander von der Linde translated the second ode, and in 1732 Hudemann translated a few of the fragments, and there were good German editions of all Sappho’s fragments as early as the careful one by Christian Wolf (1734). In 1744 appeared Neukirch’s translation of the first two odes, and in 1746 Götz published his translation in rhymeless verse. In the same year appeared Stählin’s translations. In 1764 “the German Sappho,” Die Karshin, mentions Sappho five or six times and Phaon, but has no direct echoes. In 1776 Meinecke put Sappho into verse; in 1782 Ramler; in 1783 Günther Wahl. In 1787 verse translations were published at Berlin and Liebau, and in 1793 Conz published his translation of the fragment, _To an Ignorant Girl_. In 1809 Friedrich Gottlieb Born edited an edition for schools; in the same year C. Braun translated the fragments; in 1810 Volger published his very important and rare edition with commentary and musical schemes. He was soon followed by Welcker’s defense (1816), which Goethe mentions four times. But Sappho’s poetry remained a closed book to Goethe.[166] There were many succeeding editions or translations: Degen (1821), Neue (1827), Brockhausen’s verse imitations (1827), Richter (1833), Jäger (1836), Gerhard’s free rendering for German student songs (1847), Köchly (1851), Hartung (1857), Weise (1878), Theodor Bergk’s great edition of 1882 reprinted in 1914; Schultz-Geffcken’s _Altgriechische Lyrik im deutschen Reim_ (1895), Stowasser, _Griechenlyrik in deutsche Verse übertragen_ (1910); and Wilamowitz, _Sappho und Simonides_ (1913). There is a good German account of Sappho by Paul Brandt in his _Sappho, ein Lebensbild aus den Frühlingstagen altgriechischer Dichtung_ (1905). In _Griechische Lyrik_ (1920) Erich Bethe in a good chapter on Sappho translates into rhymed verse the first two odes and several of the fragments (E. 99, 119, 135, 114, 54, 71, as well as the new papyrus fragments E. 83, 149, 150, 148, 154). I can quote here only the new fragment 83: ... Weinend hat sie Abschied genommen, Immer wieder sprach sie so: ‘Hartes, Sappho, muss ich leiden, Muss dich lassen, muss nun scheiden.’ Und ich hab zu ihr gesprochen: ‘Lebe wohl und denke mein! Wisse, dass dich treu geleite Meine Liebe in die Weite!’ Denn stets werde ich gedenken, Auch wenn du es einst vergisst, Wieviel Schönes wir genossen, Wie du oft um schlanke Sprossen Veilchen wandest, Rosen bandest Und du mich damit bekränzt, Und die duft’gen Purpurblüten Deinen zarten Hals umglühten ...