But we knew that one mirror could not do the whole job. After Telstar I
had been in orbit more than 30 days, the 68-degree mirror would only be
in position to give infrequent flashes, and one at about 95 degrees
would be more useful. This presented two problems. First, no facet on
the satellite makes a 95-degree angle with the spin axis. However, we
could use one of the facets just below the equatorial antenna, which
makes a 112-degree angle, and groove or _facet_ the mirror so that its
reflecting faces became narrow strips slanted 17 degrees away from the
base at the angle of 95 degrees (112 - 17 = 95). Our second problem was
space—since there was not enough room left on any of the 112-degree
facets to mount a second large mirror, we substituted two smaller
mirrors and mounted them 120 degrees apart. This arrangement lets us
know from which mirror we see flashes—the plane mirror gives one flash
for each revolution of the satellite; the faceted mirrors give two
flashes for each revolution of the satellite.
[Illustration: _Sketches of three reflecting mirrors and their
locations on the Telstar satellite. The upper plane mirror is set at
68° to the spin axis; the lower ones are faceted to give reflecting
surfaces at 95°. Two of the satellite’s six solar aspect cells can
be seen within the circular cut-outs in the mirrors._]
How We Record Flashes from the Mirrors
Now we had finally found a satisfactory way to reflect a train of tiny
flashes—much too faint to be seen by the naked eye—from Telstar as it
passed across the sky during the night. But our main aim was to record
the exact times when these flash bursts occurred. With this information,
we could, using the method we described above, tell very accurately both
the satellite’s spin axis and its rate of spin. We do not have space to
describe the many problems that had to be solved in setting up the
equipment to record the flashes. Let us merely outline the procedure
that we finally devised:
1. _To pick up the satellite’s flashes we use a 12-inch-aperture
photoelectric telescope mounted on a radar trailer (shown in
illustration below). It is pointed by means of prediction drive tapes
produced by an electronic computer; these are based on data from
previous passes._
2. _On clear, dark nights when the satellite is at relatively short
range, we can see it with an auxiliary finder telescope, and then adjust
the large telescope precisely. Or, if the satellite’s high-frequency
beacon has been turned on, the Holmdel microwave antenna can
automatically point our large telescope._
3. _When flashes of light are picked up by the telescope, they fall
directly onto the cathode of a photomultiplier tube. They are then
filtered out from the random light in the night sky and amplified._
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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