Satire in the Victorian novelRussell, Frances Theresa
History
Satire in the Victorian novel
Russell, Frances Theresa
English fiction -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Satire, English -- History and criticism; Thesis (Ph. D.)
“He had been in his youth an enthusiast for liberty, and had
hailed the dawn of the French Revolution as the promise of a day
that was to banish war and slavery, and every form of vice and
misery, from the face of the earth. Because all this was not
done, he deduced that nothing was done, and from this deduction,
according to his system of logic, he drew a conclusion that
worse than nothing was done, * * *” etc.
And thus he describes his opinion of current literature:[255]
“This rage for novelty is the bane of literature. Except my
works and those of my particular friends, nothing is good that
is not as old as Jeremy Taylor; and, _entre nous_, the best
parts of my friends’ books were either written or suggested by
myself.”
In the _Noctes Ambrosianæ_, Coleridge gets a contemporary thrust for
his conceit and dogmatism, with the conclusion,--
“The author o’ _Christabel_, and _The Auncient Mariner_, had
better just continue to see visions, and to dream dreams--for
he’s no fit for the wakin’ world.”
The most direct attack on Southey is in the comment on Mr.
Feathernest:[256]
“* * * to whom the Marquis had recently given a place in
exchange for his conscience. The poet had, in consequence,
burned his old ‘Odes to Truth and Liberty,’ and published a
volume of Panegyrical Addresses ‘to all the crowned heads in
Europe,’ with the motto, ‘Whatever is at court, is right.’”
In Disraeli’s _Ixion_, Enceladus has been identified as Wellington,
Hyperion as Sir Robert Peel, Jupiter as George the Third, and Apollo
as Byron. Byronism indeed is one of the shining marks loved by the
nineteenth century, a fact that not only labels the British temper, but
illustrates the irony of time’s revenges. The last great satirist of
the old school himself becomes the prime object of satire for the new,
partly through mutual lack of understanding, and partly because Byron,
like some other brilliant wits, lacked a real sense of humor. Both
these reasons enabled Lytton to flatter himself that his _Pelham_ had
“contributed to put an end to the Satanic Mania--to turn the thoughts
and ambitions of young gentlemen without neckcloths, and young clerks
who were sallow, from playing the Corsair and boasting that they were
villains.”[257]
Nearly a half century after _Pelham_, we have a reference which strikes
indirectly the keynote of satire, made by a genius great enough to
admire judiciously (as he elsewhere testifies) another genius.[258]
“Beauchampism, as one confronting him calls it, may be said to
stand for nearly everything which is the obverse of Byronism,
and rarely woos your sympathy, shuns the statuesque pathetic, or
any kind of posturing.”
It was Lytton, in turn, who was attacked by Thackeray. He heads the
list of _Novels by Eminent Hands_, and is brought up again in the
_Yellowplush Papers_ and _Epistles to the Literati_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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