PERCY E. NEWBERRY. INSTITUTE OF ARCHÆOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL. 1905. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ CONTENTS. ------- PAGE PREFACE V INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF EGYPTIAN SEALS:— (1) General Remarks 1 (2) Importance of the Seal in Ancient 4 Times (3) Origin of the Seal 8 (4) The various Uses of the Seal:— (_a_) For securing property 12 (_b_) For authenticating documents, 22 etc. (_c_) For transference of authority 26 (5) The Egyptian Officials concerned 29 in the use of the Seal (6) Seal Engravers and the Technique 40 of Seal Engraving THE VARIETIES OF EGYPTIAN SEALS:— (1) Cylinder Seals 43 (2) Button-shaped Seals and 56 Hemi-Cylinders (3) Beetle-shaped Seals (Scarabs) 61 (4) Miscellaneous forms 85 (5) Signet-rings 92 DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIMENS ILLUSTRATED 97 IN THE PLATES I-XLV INDICES:— To Personal Names 201 To Titles 205 To Royal Names:— (_a_) Kings 211 (_b_) Queens 216 (_c_) Princes 217 (_d_) Princesses 218 FOOTNOTES 304 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ LIST OF PLATES AND ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. PLATE I. Some specimens of rings _Frontispiece._ ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT. FIG. PAGE 1, 2. Two jars of the First Dynasty, to 13 illustrate the ancient method of sealing 3, 4. Complete jar neck, bearing the stamp of 14 Amasis 5-7. Jars showing method of securing 16 contents. (From paintings in the tombs at Beni Hasan) 8. A man sealing up a honey jar. (From a 17 tomb at Abusîr) 9. A sealed jar. (From a painting in a tomb 17 at Medûm)