[Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XXXIII. P.E.N. 1. The Wild Cattle Hunt. 2. The Lake at Zarukha. Historical Scarabs of Amenhetep III.—(ctd.)] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XXXIV. Scale 1:1. P.E.N. Scarabs with Royal Names. (Hor-em-heb to Rameses II.)] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XXXV. Scale 1:1. P.E.N. Plaques and Scarabs of Rameses II.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XXXVI. Scale 1:1. P.E.N. Scarabs with Royal Names: Mer-en-ptah I. to Sa-amen.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XXXVII. Scale 1:1. P.E.N. Scarabs with Royal Names: Twenty-second to Twenty-fifth Dynasties.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XXXVIII. P.E.N. Scarabs bearing Royal and other Names: Twenty-fifth to Twenty-eighth Dynasties.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XXXIX. Scale 1:1. P.E.N. Scarabs bearing Mottoes, Good Wishes, &c.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XL. Scale 1:1. P.E.N. Scarabs bearing Mottoes, Good Wishes, &c.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XLI. P.E.N. Scarabs bearing Names and Figures of Gods, &c.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XLII. P.E.N. Hieroglyphs, Flowers, &c.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XLIII. Scale 1:1. P.E.N. Scarabs bearing Royal and Private Names.] [Illustration: Egyptian Antiquities. Plate XLIV. Scale 1:1. P.E.N. Scarabs bearing Royal and Private Names.] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ FOOTNOTES ----- Footnote 1: The reader must understand, however, that not _all_ Egyptian scarabs were used as seals. Some, but a very small number compared to the seal class, were used as amulets, and a few, like medals, were cut to commemorate historical events. The amulet class will be dealt with in another volume; the medal-like series is included in the present work (see pp. 170-178.) Footnote 2: [Egyptian **] _khetem_, “a seal,” [Egyptian **] _khetem_, “to close,” or “to seal up.” In Hebrew the word is חֹתָם, which survives in the Arabic, [Arabic **] _khatim_, “a signet,” or “signet ring.” The determinatives [Egyptian **] and [Egyptian **] represent a cylinder-seal, with string for suspension; Petrie, _Medûm_, p. 33; _cf._ p. 45, figs. 18, 19, of this volume, and Griffith, _Beni Hasan_, III, p. 15. The intermediate form between these two signs is found in sculptures in the tomb of Tahutihetep at Bersheh (Newberry, _El Bersheh_, I, Pl. XX). Footnote 3: _American Law Review_, Vol. XXVIII, p. 25. Footnote 4: C. W. King. _Hand-book of Engraved Gems_, pp. 4 and 5. Footnote 5: _American Law Review_, Vol. XXV, p. 25. Footnote 6: De Morgan, _Le tombeau royal de Négadah_, p. 172. Footnote 7: Petrie, _Royal Tombs_, I, p. 26. Footnote 8: