All papers of this series which relate to the manners and usages of the Indians of the southwestern portion of our territory, especially those concerning the urine dances, phallic dances, snake dances of the Zuñis, Mokis, and other Pueblos; the Navajoes of New Mexico; the sun dance of the Sioux, etc., have been compiled from memoranda gathered under the direction of Lieutenant-General P. H. SHERIDAN, in 1881 and 1882. Those referring to Apaches, etc., of Arizona; to Northern Mexico; to pueblo ruins and cliff and cave dwellings; to Sioux, Cheyennes, Crows, Arapahoes, Pawnees, Shoshones, Utes, and other tribes, extending back to 1869, were mainly obtained while the author was serving as aide-de-camp upon the staff of Brigadier-General GEORGE CROOK, during the campaigns conducted by that officer against hostile tribes west of the Missouri, from the British line down into Mexico, and to a considerable extent under General CROOK’S direction, and with his encouragement and assistance. The translations from German texts were made by Messrs. Smith, Pratz, and Bunnemeyer, while for the analysis of the pills made out of the ordure of the Grand Lama of Thibet, the author desires to express his acknowledgments to Dr. W. M. Mew. J. G. B. CONTENTS. CHAPTER PAGE I. PRELIMINARY REMARKS 1 II. THE URINE DANCE OF THE ZUÑIS 4 III. THE FEAST OF FOOLS IN EUROPE 11 Comparison between the Feast of Fools and the Urine Dance.—The Feast of Fools traced back to most ancient times.—Disappearance of the Feast of Fools.—The “Szombatiaks” of Transylvania. IV. THE COMMEMORATIVE CHARACTER OF RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS 24 The generally sacred character of dancing.—Fray Diego Duran’s account of the Mexican festivals.—The Urine Dance of the Zuñis may conserve a tradition of the time when vile aliment was in use. V. HUMAN EXCREMENT USED IN FOOD BY THE INSANE AND OTHERS 29 VI. THE EMPLOYMENT OF EXCREMENT IN FOOD BY SAVAGE TRIBES 33 VII. URINE IN HUMAN FOOD 38 Chinook olives.—Urine in bread-making.—Human ordure eaten by East Indian fanatics. VIII. THE ORDURE OF THE GRAND LAMA OF THIBET 42 Huc and Dubois compared. IX. THE STERCORANISTES 54 Un Dalai-Lamas Irlandais. X. THE BACCHIC ORGIES OF THE GREEKS 62 Bacchic orgies in North America.—The sacrifice of the dog a substitution for human sacrifice.