9. It was determined in London to stop this, and appropriate to English factors whatever of profit might be realized. The old English Navigation Act, passed under Cromwell, to break down the Dutch trade, was revived against the Boston skippers. Governor Stephens accordingly told the colonists they must exchange the products of their farms with none but English traders, but he quickly found that the people were resolute in refusing obedience to any such regulations. 10. It was further announced that a new scheme of rule had been prepared in England. This was the work of Lord Shaftesbury and a distinguished philosopher named John Locke. This, familiarly known as "Locke's Grand Model," was called by the Proprietors "The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina," and was a cumbrous and elaborate system, full of titles and dignities. It involved a large expenditure, and was as unsuited to the Carolina wilderness as St. Paul's Cathedral in London was for a meetinghouse for the Quakers of Pasquotank! 11. The people who were constantly enduring danger and privations in Albemarle at once resolved that they would have no part in the titles and pageants concocted by these wise men of England. They had been promised freedom if they would come to America, both by the king in the Great Deed of Grant and by the Lords Proprietors, and nothing less than the privileges of Englishmen would satisfy them. 12. The "Navigation Act" was intended to destroy their commerce and manufactures, and the "Fundamental Constitutions," if submitted to, would have put an end to their home rule. They waged a long opposition to these two things, and a century went by before, in the blood of the Revolution, American commerce became free. They were denounced as unruly subjects, but they were, in all truth, wise and resolute patriots. They were protecting not only themselves, but the generations of the future. QUESTIONS. 1. Who succeeded Governor Drummond as Governor of Albemarle? What kind of a man was Governor Stephens? 2. In what did the government consist at that time? 3. What is said of the Grand Assembly? Where did the General Assembly usually meet? 4. Mention some of the earliest laws. 5. What law was enacted concerning marriage? 6. How was Albemarle divided? How far had the settlement extended? 7. What trouble came to Governor Stephens? 8. What kind of trade was carried on between Carolina and New England? 9. What was determined by the Lords Proprietors? What old law was revived? How did the people receive the orders from Governor Stephens? 10. What two celebrated Englishmen prepared a form of government for Carolina? What was this system called? State its nature. 11. What was resolved by the colonists concerning the Grand Model? 12. What was the intent of the Navigation Act? Of the Fundamental Constitutions? CHAPTER XIII. EARLY GOVERNORS AND THEIR TROUBLES. A. D. 1674 TO 1680.