[227] _Pan. Lat._ ii. 4 ‘Florentissimas quondam antiquissimasque urbes barbari possidebant. Gallorum ita celebrata nobilitas aut ferro occiderat, aut immitibus addicta dominis serviebat. Porro aliae, quas a vastitate barbarica terrarum intervalla distulerant, iudicum nomine a nefariis latronibus obtinebantur.... Nemo ab iniuria liber, nemo intactus a contumelia.’ [228] ‘Ab arcanis sacrorum penetralium ad privata Musarum adyta’, Eum. _Pro Instaurandis Scholis_, _Pan. Lat._ ix, § 6 ff. [229] _An._ iii. 43. [230] _Pro Inst. Schol._ 4 ‘Latrocinio Bagaudicae rebellionis obsessa (civitas)‘. [231] The origin of the name is doubtful. Bulaeus (_Hist. Univ. Paris._ i. 25) thinks that there may have been a founder Maenius, or that it may have been near the town wall (_prope moenia_). Lavisse favours _moenianum_ in the sense of a portico on which were displayed maps of the Empire (_Hist. de France_, i. 3. 367). Lewis and Short give _Maenianum_, gallery, balcony (Cic. Suet.). [232] Lipsius, quoted Bulaeus, _Hist. Univ. Paris_, i. 25 ff. [233] Ibid. [234] Cf. Jullian, ‘Les Prem. Univ. Franç.’, _Rev. intern. de l’Enseignement_, 1893. [235] Ibid. [236] _Antike Kunstprosa_, ii. 631. Cf. Dill, _Roman Society during Last Century of Western Empire_, p. 406; Guizot, _Hist. of Civilization_ (transl. Hazlitt), i. 349. [237] The struggles of Julian, Valentinian I, and Gratian against the barbarians were confined to the North and did not affect the main centre of Gallic education—Aquitaine. [238] Factio me sibi non, non coniuratio iunxit: sincero colui foedere amicitias.—_Domest._ iv. 21. [239] _Bissula_, Praef. [240] ‘Les Prem. Univ. Franç.’, _Rev. internat. de l’Enseignement_, 1893. [241] _Pan. Lat._ iii. 20 ‘multi laboris et minimi usus negotium’. [242] ‘Fuligine et aranearum telis omnia Romae templa cooperta sunt ... dii quondam nationum cum bubonibus et noctuis in solis culminibus remanserunt ... iam et Aegyptius Serapis factus est Christianus ... de India, Perside et Aethiopia monachorum cotidie turbas suscipimus; deposuit pharetras Armenius, Huni discunt psalterium, Scythia frigora fervent calore fidei ...’, Jer. _Epist._ cvii. 1, 2. [243] Ibid. [244] Cf. Speck, _Quaestiones Ausonianae_, pp. 3 ff.; Glover, _Life and Letters in the Fourth Century_, pp. 109 ff.; and almost every writer on Ausonius. [245] _Pro Instaur. Scholis_, 11 ‘Hoc ego salarium ... expensum referre patriae meae cupio, et ad restitutionem huius operis ... destinare’. [246] _Domes._ iv. [247] _Parent._ iv. 17-20. [248] _Parent._ vi. [249] _Prof._ xi. [250] _Parent._ iii. [251] _Pan. de Quarto Consulatu Honorii_, 582 (ed. Koch): Inlustri te prole Tagus, te Gallia doctis civibus et toto stipavit Roma senatu. [252] _Ep._ vi. 34, ed. Seeck. [253] _Ep._ ix. 88 ‘Gallicanae facundiae haustus requiro’.