Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
History
Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.
Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
Education, Greek
They go off to the house of Kallias, where Protagoras and other
Sophists are staying. The porter is so worn out by the number of
visitors that he is distinctly rude. They find Protagoras walking up
and down in the cloisters of the house, with three or four listeners
on either side, one of whom is learning to be a Sophist himself.
Behind follows a crowd, mostly composed of the foreigners whom he
draws from city to city, like Orpheus, with his magic voice. Another
Sophist, Hippias, is sitting on a sort of throne in the opposite part
of the cloisters; around him on benches are a number of inquirers, who
were asking him questions about natural science and astronomy. A third
Sophist, Prodikos, is in a side-building, still in bed, covered up in
blankets.[511] His audience sat on neighbouring beds. The whole
assemblage finally collect couches and benches together in a great
circle to hear a discussion between Sokrates and Protagoras. Kallias,
the host on this occasion, often entertained Sophists: at another time
he had Gorgias and Polos in the house. His cloisters must have
provided a favourite lecture-room. The Sophists also haunted the
gymnasia. The discussion in the _Euthudemos_ takes place in the
undressing-room of the Lukeion: the two Sophists have been walking in
the cloister. Hippias on one occasion lectures in a school-room, on
another in a public place at Olympia.
Protagoras was the first of these teachers to take pay. His system was
very fair. On the close of their course of instruction his pupils, if
they chose, paid the fee for which he asked; otherwise, they went into
a temple, and, after taking an oath, paid as much as they said his
instruction was worth.[512] Hippias made about £600 in a very short
time in Sicily, receiving some £80 from the tiny town of Inukos,
although Protagoras was also lecturing in the island at the time.
Prodikos charged £2 for a particular lecture on correct speech,[513]
but there was also a less complete form of it which cost only 10d.; he
seems to have been noted for the gradations in his charges, for there
were also lectures at 5d., 1s. 8d., and 3s. 4d.[514] The sum which
Euenos of Paros asked for teaching the whole duties of a man and a
citizen was £20.[515] Probably, however, the charges of these
Sophists, and the money which they made, were much exaggerated by
their contemporaries. Isokrates, the pupil of Gorgias, gives a much
lower estimate. “None of the so-called Sophists,” he says, “will be
found to have collected much money. On the contrary, some passed their
lives in poverty and the rest in quite ordinary circumstances. The
richest Sophist within my memory was Gorgias. He spent most of his
time in Thessaly, the most prosperous part of Hellas. He lived to a
great age and followed his profession for a great many years. He did
not take upon himself any public burdens by settling in any one city.
He did not marry or have children to bring up. Yet with all these
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