Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
History
Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.
Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
Education, Greek
Xenophon’s treatise on _The Horse_ had been preceded by a similar work
by Simon;[606] he himself also wrote on _Hunting_, on _The Duties of a
Cavalry Officer_, on _The Management of a Farm_, and _The Constitution
of Sparta_, besides his more definitely historical and philosophical
works. His _Education of Kuros_ conceals a treatise on the duties of a
general. The subjects are significant of the new movement; for earlier
Hellenes had supposed that Homer and Hesiod taught the whole art of
agriculture and generalship. Other agricultural treatises, containing
much theory but very little practical knowledge, were also in
circulation.[607] Later in the fourth century Aineias the Tactician
contributed a manual for generals. Medical treatises emanated in great
numbers from the school of Hippokrates, and probably from elsewhere.
Chares and Apollodoros published works on Husbandry,[608] Mithaikos a
_Sicilian Cookery-Book_,[609] Metrodoros a book of Homeric allegories.
Books of travels and geography are also mentioned by Aristotle.[610]
Handbooks on “Rhetoric” were first compiled by Korax and Tisias: they
dealt with the subject of “arguments from probability.” Show pieces
were written by Antiphon and Gorgias. A treatise by Polos upon the
systematic arrangement of a speech was read by Sokrates. Thrasumachos
published a work upon _Appeals to Compassion_.
The prices were probably not high, for the labour of copying could be
cheaply performed by means of slaves. Sokrates, in the Platonic
Apology,[611] mentions that a copy of Anaxagoras could sometimes be
picked up for a drachma; and there is no reason to suppose that
Anaxagoras was particularly cheap. If this was an average price, books
must have been within the reach of most Athenians.
[529] Isokrates clearly felt them to be his educational
rivals. See _Antid._ 310 A, and the end of the _Paneg._
[530] There is a sketch of them in Isok. _Panath._ 236 C; to
a lecture on Homer three or four of them had appended an
attack upon Isokrates.
[531] Isok. _Antid._ 99.
[532] Isok. _Soph._ 10. 293 A.
[533] Isok. _Soph._ 4. 291 D. Cp. the modern
“caution-money.”
[534] Isok. _Pan._ 26. 238 A.
[535] Isok. _Antid._ 118. 265.
[536] Isok. _Panath._ 238 D.
[537] Isok. _Antid._ 118. 266.
[538] _Ibid._ 118. 268.
[539] Isok. _Antid._ 118. 268.
[540] _Ibid._ 91.
[541] Isok. letter to Alexander.
[542] Isok. _Panath._ 275. It is noticeable how many of his
pupils became historians――Ephoros, Theopompos, Androtion,
Asklepiades.
[543] See, for example, “On Slander “(_Antid._ 313 E), “On
Speech” (115. 255).
[544] Isok. _Antid._ 48.
[545] For a complete analysis of it, see Jebb’s _Attic
Orators_.
[546] Isok. _ag. Soph._ 294 C; _Antid._ 91-93, etc.
[547] _Ibid._ 294 E.
[548] Isok. _Antid._ 121.
[549] Isok. _ag. Soph._ 295 D.
[550] Isok. _Areiop._ 151 B.
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