Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
History
Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.
Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
Education, Greek
These newly appointed magistrates took the epheboi of their year in
charge at once. The young recruits were first taken round the temples,
and then put into garrison in Mounuchia and Peiraieus. They had
masters and under-masters appointed for them by the Sophronistai to
teach them the use of heavy arms, and also of the bow, javelin, and
catapult. There were also two Paidotribai, for gymnastics. These
masters, together with later introductions such as literary teachers,
chaplains, doctors, and so forth, appear regularly in the inscriptions
after 300 B.C.[624] The Sophronistai were paid a drachma a day for
their services. They also received four obols for every ephebos in
their tribe, out of which they had to provide the rations, etc.; the
ephebos did not handle the money himself. Each tribe messed
together.[625]
Besides the Sophronistai and Kosmetes, the Council of the Areiopagos
also kept a watch over the epheboi. Discipline seems to have been
fairly strict: the _Axiochos_[626] talks of “rods and immensities of
evils.” But there were plenty of amusements, and, apparently, plenty
of vacations. There were a very large number of special festivals, in
which the epheboi took part. There were also the torch-races at the
feasts of Hephaistos and Prometheus, for teams of epheboi from each
tribe, trained at the expense of a gumnasiarchos. The epheboi had also
a special part of the theatre reserved for them.[627]
No doubt a large part of the time of these epheboi was spent in severe
physical exercise in the gymnasia. The analogy of the epheboi in
Plato’s _Republic_ and _Laws_ would suggest this. The _Axiochos_
mentions, as consequent upon enrolment in the epheboi, “the Lukeion
and Akademeia,” _i.e._ practices in these gymnasia. Xenophon,[628]
just before mentioning the “peripoloi” or epheboi in their second
year, talks of “those who are ordered to practise gymnastic
exercises,” clearly referring to this period. He suggests that their
duties would be better and more cheerfully performed if they received
a larger supply of rations than those who were training for
torch-races; to these latter no doubt a liberal gumnasiarchos might
serve out meals costing much more than four obols a day. Probably
those who were physically inferior alone were told off for these
compulsory gymnastics: Xenophon’s phrase seems to distinguish them
from the epheboi selected for the torch-race, who would naturally be
the physically fittest in the tribal contingent.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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