Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
History
Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.
Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
Education, Greek
At the end of their first year of training, the epheboi appeared in
the theatre at the great Dionusia to show off their military
evolutions and the drill which they had learned. After the review they
received a spear and shield from the State.[629] The sons of those who
had fallen in battle, being the wards of the State,[630] received a
complete outfit of armour. These arms, which the epheboi received from
the State, were considered to be sacred: consequently to throw away
the shield in flight was regarded as a serious offence, almost an act
of sacrilege.[631]
[Illustration: PLATE IX.
A RIDING LESSON――MOUNTING
_Archaeologische Zeitung_, 1885, Plate 11. From a Kulix at Munich,
attributed to Euphronios.]
After receiving their arms from the State, the epheboi were marched
out of Athens, and spent most of the next year patrolling the country
and frontiers, and garrisoning the forts.[632] Attica was studded with
these περιπόλια [peripolia], or patrol-stations, from Oinoé and Phulé
on the north-western frontier to Anaphlustos and Thorikos in the
south. The epheboi, like the κρυπτοί [kryptoi] in Plato’s _Laws_ and
at Sparta, were shifted about from district to district, in order that
they might acquire a thorough knowledge of their country’s
geographical peculiarities. The tribal companies, into which they were
divided, relieved one another in various stations. Thus in the course
of 334-333 we know that both the Hippothontid and the Kekropid tribes
were successively stationed at Eleusis, for the people of that
district pass two separate votes of thanks to them for the excellent
discipline which they had preserved.[633] There may also have been
open-air camps: the Eleusinian inscriptions talk of ὑπαίθριοι
[hypaithrioi].
The epheboi seem to have been assisted in their patrol-duties by a
mercenary force of foreigners. Thucydides[634] declares that
Phrunichos was assassinated by a peripolos: the Athenian people,
according to Lusias, rewarded Thrasuboulos of Kaludon as the slayer
and recorded his name on a pillar.[635] If the historian had meant to
dispute this award, he must have referred to it, for it was clearly
the accepted version. He also states that the plot was arranged at the
house of the captain of the peripoloi, and mentions an Argive as one
of the accomplices: Lusias mentions a Megarian. Both these foreigners
were probably peripoloi. But foreign youths cannot at this period have
been permitted to serve with the tribal companies of epheboi. A
legend, it is true, asserts that this privilege was granted to the
young men of Kos, in honour of the great doctor Hippokrates; but even
this only shows that all other states were excluded. Indeed,
foreigners were not enrolled among the Athenian epheboi until a much
later epoch, when the system was no longer military.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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