Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C. — John Shaqi
Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
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Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.
Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
Education, Greek
Lyre-playing may have been deferred, as a harder subject, till the boy
had learned letters for several years; but the seven-stringed lyre,
with the simple old Hellenic music, was probably not a very difficult
instrument to master. The chief factor which determined the
arrangement of subjects in an ordinary family was no doubt the
paidagogos. If there was only one son, he could go to whatever school
his parents pleased; but if there were several, elders and youngers
had all to go to the same school at the same time, for there was only
one paidagogos to a whole family as a rule, and he could never allow
any of his charges to go out of his sight.
That the three subjects were usually taught simultaneously may be
inferred from a passage of Xenophon. “In every part of Hellas except
Sparta,” he says, “those who claim to give their sons the best
education, as soon as ever the child understands what is said to him,
at once make one of their servants his paidagogos, and at once send
him off to school to learn letters and music and the exercises of the
Palaistra.”[128] The emphasis upon the word “at once” certainly
implies that the three subjects began simultaneously.
On the vases letters and music are seen being taught side by side in
the same school; this was a convenient and natural arrangement.
Writing-tablets and rulers are also seen suspended on the walls
of music-schools and palaistrai, and lyres on the walls of
letter-schools[129]; which suggests that the boys went from one
building to another in the day, taking their property with them. Plato
states that three years apiece was a reasonable time for learning
letters and the lyre.[130] The eight years between six and fourteen,
the ordinary time devoted at Athens in the fourth century to the
primary triple course, would give space for these six years, with two
years to spare for elaboration. Gymnastics are meant to go on during
the whole period in Plato, and so do not require a special allowance
of time to themselves.
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