Science and poetryRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
History
Science and poetry
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
English poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism; Poetry
The genesis of these beliefs is extremely interesting as an
illustration of primitive mentality. Since the attitudes on which he
fell back are those of a very early stage of human development, it is
not surprising that the means by which he has supported them should
be of the same era, or that the world-picture which he has worked out
should be similar to that described in _The Golden Bough_. The mental
process at work is schematically as follows: First, undergo an intense
emotion, located with unusual definiteness in the body, which can be
described as “a feeling _as though_ the solar plexus were connected by
a current of dark passional energy with another person.” Those whose
emotions tend to be localised will be familiar with such feelings. The
second step is to say “I must trust my feelings.” The third is to call
the feeling an intuition. The last is to say “_I know_ that my solar
plexus is, etc.” By this means we arrive at indubitable knowledge that
the sun’s energy is recruited from the life on the earth and that the
astronomers are wrong in what they say about the moon, and so on.
The illicit steps in the argument are not quite so evident as they
appear to be in this analysis. To distinguish an intuition _of_
an emotion from an intuition _by_ it is not always easy, nor is a
description of an emotion always in practice distinguishable from an
emotion. Certainly we must trust our feelings--in the sense of acting
upon them. We have nothing else to trust. And to confuse this trusting
with believing an emotive description of them is a mistake which all
traditional codes of morality encourage us to commit.
The significance of such similar disasters in the work of poets so
unlike and yet so greatly gifted as Mr. Yeats and Mr. Lawrence is
noteworthy. For each the traditional scaffolding of conventional
beliefs has proved unsatisfying, unworkable as a basis for their
attitudes. Each has sought, in very different directions it is true,
a new set of beliefs as a remedy. For neither has the world-picture
of science seemed a possible substitute. And neither seems to have
envisaged the possibility of a poetry which is independent of all
beliefs, probably because, however much they differ, both are very
serious poets. A great deal of poetry can, of course, be written for
which total independence of all beliefs is an easy matter. But it
is never poetry of the more important kind, because the temptation
to introduce beliefs is a sign and measure of the importance of
the attitudes involved. At present it is not primarily religious
beliefs, in the stricter sense of the word, which are most likely
to be concerned. Emphases alter surprisingly. University societies
founded fifteen years ago, for example, to discuss religion, are
usually found to be discussing sex to-day. And serious love poetry,
which is independent of beliefs of one kind or another, traditional or
eccentric, is extremely rare.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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