SCIENCE AND THE CRIMINAL _UNIFORM WITH THIS BOOK_ HYPNOTISM AND SUGGESTION By BERNARD HOLLANDER, M.D. "It is the work of a man of established reputation, who has devoted himself for years to the subject, and whose aim it is to tell what Hypnotism really is, what it can do, and to what conclusions it seems to point."--_Globe._ [Illustration: TRIAL OF CAROLINE RUDD _Frontispiece_] SCIENCE AND THE CRIMINAL BY C. AINSWORTH MITCHELL BOSTON LITTLE, BROWN, AND COMPANY 1911 TO MARK HANBURY BEAUFOY, ESQ., J.P. AS A MARK OF REGARD AND ESTEEM PREFACE In the following pages I have endeavoured to give some account of the ways in which scientific discovery has been utilised in the struggle between society and the criminal. I have tried to describe the principles upon which different kinds of scientific evidence are based, and at the same time to bring human interest into what would otherwise tend to be dry detail by giving an outline of trials in which such evidence has been given. It is, perhaps, hardly necessary to mention that in many of these illustrative trials the accused persons were proved innocent of the charges brought against them, and that although their cases were tried in the criminal courts the title of the book in no way applies to them. For the accounts of the older trials I have drawn freely upon Cobbett's _State Trials_, Paris and Fonblanque's _Medical Jurisprudence_, and the first edition of Taylor's _Medical Jurisprudence_, while I must also acknowledge my indebtedness to the _Circumstantial Evidence_ of Mr. Justice Wills and the recent excellent lectures on _Forensic Chemistry_, by Mr. Jago. In the later cases I have mainly relied upon contemporary accounts and upon my own impressions of some of the trials at which I have been present. My best thanks are due to all those who have given me valuable and ungrudging assistance. In particular I would mention Major Richardson, who has kindly given me a photograph of one of his trained bloodhounds and has allowed me to quote the description of an actual man hunt with bloodhounds, from his book, _War, Police, and Watch Dogs_; and Mademoiselle Arlette Clary (and the _Daily Mirror_) who have supplied me with a photograph of a Paris police dog. I am further indebted to the late Sir Francis Galton and his publishers, Messrs. Macmillan & Co., who gave me permission to reproduce illustrations from his book on _Finger Prints_; and to Mr. Thorne Baker and the _Daily Mirror_ for photographs illustrating the use of telegraphy in transmitting portraits. The excellent drawings of the hairs of different animals were made by my friend Mr. R. M. Prideaux, and are reproduced here by the kind permission of Messrs. Scott Greenwood & Co.