Science and the modern worldWhitehead, Alfred North
Religion
Science and the modern world
Whitehead, Alfred North
Science
In an earlier lecture, I said that an event had contemporaries. It is an
interesting question whether, on the new hypothesis, such a statement
can be made without the qualification of a reference to a definite
space-time system. It is possible to do so, in the sense that in _some_
time-system or other the two events are simultaneous. In other
time-systems the two contemporary events will not be simultaneous,
though they may overlap. Analogously one event will precede another
without qualification, if in _every_ time-system this precedence occurs.
It is evident that if we start from a given event A, other events in
general are divided into two sets, namely, those which without
qualification are contemporaneous with A and those which either precede
or succeed A. But there will be a set left over, namely, those events
which bound the two sets. There we have a critical case. You will
remember that we have a critical velocity to account for, namely the
theoretical velocity of light _in vacuo_.[6] Also you will remember that
the utilisation of different spatio-temporal systems means the relative
motion of objects. When we analyse this critical relation of a special
set of events to any given event A, we find the explanation of the
critical velocity which we require. I am suppressing all details. It is
evident that exactness of statement must be introduced by the
introduction of points, and lines, and instants. Also that the origin of
geometry requires discussion; for example, the measurement of lengths,
the straightness of lines, and the flatness of planes, and
perpendicularity. I have endeavoured to carry out these investigations
in some earlier books, under the heading of the theory of extensive
abstraction; but they are too technical for the present occasion.
Footnote 6:
This is not the velocity of light in a gravitational field or in a
medium of molecules and electrons.
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