Science and the modern worldWhitehead, Alfred North
Religion
Science and the modern world
Whitehead, Alfred North
Science
These entities are only considered as agencies in
fixing the routes in space and in time of the life histories of enduring
entities.
The phraseology of physics is derived from the materialistic ideas of
the seventeenth century. But we find that, even in its extreme
abstraction, what it is really presupposing is the organic theory of
aspects as explained above. First, consider any event in empty space
where the word ‘empty’ means devoid of electrons, or protons, or of any
other form of electric charge. Such an event has three rôles in physics.
In the first place, it is the actual scene of an adventure of energy,
either as its _habitat_ or as the locus of a particular stream of
energy: anyhow, in this rôle the energy is there, either as located in
space during the time considered, or as streaming through space.
In its second rôle, the event is a necessary link in the pattern of
transmission, by which the character of every event receives some
modification from the character of every other event.
In its third rôle, the event is the repository of a possibility, as to
what would happen to an electric charge, either by way of deformation or
of locomotion, if it should have happened to be there.
If we modify our assumption by considering an event which includes in
itself a portion of the life-history of an electric charge, then the
analysis of its three rôles still remains; except that the possibility
embodied in the third rôle is now transformed into an actuality. In this
replacement of possibility by actuality, we obtain the distinction
between empty and occupied events.
Recurring to the empty events, we note the deficiency in them of
individuality of intrinsic content. Considering the first rôle of an
empty event, as being a _habitat_ of energy, we note that there is no
individual discrimination of an individual bit of energy, either as
statically located, or as an element in the stream. There is simply a
quantitative determination of activity, without individualisation of the
activity in itself. This lack of individualisation is still more evident
in the second and third rôles. An empty event is something in itself,
but it fails to realise a stable individuality of content. So far as its
content is concerned, the empty event is one realised element in a
general scheme of organised activity.
Some qualification is required when the empty event is the scene of the
transmission of a definite train of recurrent wave-forms. There is now a
definite pattern which remains permanent in the event. We find here the
first faint trace of enduring individuality. But it is individuality
without the faintest capture of originality: for it is merely a
permanence arising solely from the implication of the event in a larger
scheme of patterning.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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