Science and the modern worldWhitehead, Alfred North
Religion
Science and the modern world
Whitehead, Alfred North
Science
A finite abstractive hierarchy will, by definition, possess a grade of
maximum complexity. It is characteristic of this grade that a member of
it is a component of no other eternal object belonging to any grade of
the hierarchy. Also it is evident that this grade of maximum complexity
must possess only one member; for otherwise the condition of connexity
would not be satisfied. Conversely any complex eternal object defines a
finite abstractive hierarchy to be discovered by a process of analysis.
This complex eternal object from which we start will be called the
‘vertex’ of the abstractive hierarchy: it is the sole member of the
grade of maximum complexity. In the first stage of the analysis we
obtain the components of the vertex. These components may be of varying
complexity; but there must be among them at least one member whose
complexity is of a grade one lower than that of the vertex. A grade
which is one lower than that of a given eternal object will be called
the ‘proximate grade’ for that object. We take then those components of
the vertex which belong to its proximate grade; and as the second stage
we analyse them into their components. Among these components there must
be some belonging to the proximate grade for the objects thus analysed.
Add to them the components of the vertex which also belong to this grade
of ‘second proximation’ from the vertex; and, at the third stage analyse
as before. We thus find objects belonging to the grade of third
proximation from the vertex; and we add to them the components belonging
to this grade, which have been left over from the preceding stages of
the analysis. We proceed in this way through successive stages, till we
reach the grade of simple objects. This grade forms the base of the
hierarchy.
It is to be noted that in dealing with hierarchies we are entirely
within the realm of possibility. Accordingly the eternal objects are
devoid of real togetherness: they remain within their ‘isolation.’
The logical instrument which Aristotle used for the analysis of actual
fact into more abstract elements was that of classification into species
and genera. This instrument has its overwhelmingly important application
for science in its preparatory stages. But its use in metaphysical
description distorts the true vision of the metaphysical situation. The
use of the term ‘universal’ is intimately connected with this
Aristotelian analysis: the term has been broadened of late; but still it
suggests that classificatory analysis. For this reason I have avoided
it.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account