Science and the modern worldWhitehead, Alfred North
Religion
Science and the modern world
Whitehead, Alfred North
Science
Wordsworth was passionately absorbed in nature. It has been said of
Spinoza, that he was drunk with God. It is equally true that Wordsworth
was drunk with nature. But he was a thoughtful, well-read man, with
philosophical interests, and sane even to the point of prosiness. In
addition, he was a genius. He weakens his evidence by his dislike of
science. We all remember his scorn of the poor man whom he somewhat
hastily accuses of peeping and botanising on his mother’s grave. Passage
after passage could be quoted from him, expressing this repulsion. In
this respect, his characteristic thought can be summed up in his phrase,
‘We murder to dissect.’
In this latter passage, he discloses the intellectual basis of his
criticism of science. He alleges against science its absorption in
abstractions. His consistent theme is that the important facts of nature
elude the scientific method. It is important therefore to ask, what
Wordsworth found in nature that failed to receive expression in science.
I ask this question in the interest of science itself; for one main
position in these lectures is a protest against the idea that the
abstractions of science are irreformable and unalterable. Now it is
emphatically not the case that Wordsworth hands over inorganic matter to
the mercy of science, and concentrates on the faith that in the living
organism there is some element that science cannot analyse. Of course he
recognises, what no one doubts, that in some sense living things are
different from lifeless things. But that is not his main point. It is
the brooding presence of the hills which haunts him. His theme is nature
_in solido_, that is to say, he dwells on that mysterious presence of
surrounding things, which imposes itself on any separate element that we
set up as an individual for its own sake. He always grasps the whole of
nature as involved in the tonality of the particular instance. That is
why he laughs with the daffodils, and finds in the primrose “thoughts
too deep for terms.”
Wordsworth’s greatest poem is, by far, the first book of _The Prelude_.
It is pervaded by this sense of the haunting presences of nature. A
series of magnificent passages, too long for quotation, express this
idea. Of course, Wordsworth is a poet writing a poem, and is not
concerned with dry philosophical statements. But it would hardly be
possible to express more clearly a feeling for nature, as exhibiting
entwined prehensive unities, each suffused with modal presences of
others:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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