The topmost place of all in the hierarchy of seed life, it seems to me,
is taken by the feathery fruits and seeds which float freely hither and
thither wherever the wind may bear them. An immense number of the very
highest plants--the aristocrats of the vegetable kingdom, such as the
lordly composites, those ultimate products of plant evolution--possess
such floating feathery seeds; though here, again, the varieties of
detail are too infinite for rapid or popular classification. Indeed,
among the composites alone--the thistle and dandelion tribe with downy
fruits--I can reckon up more than a hundred and fifty distinct
variations of plan among the winged seeds known to me in various parts
of Europe. But if I am strong, I am merciful: I will let the public off
with a hundred and forty-eight of them. My two exceptions shall be
John-go-to-bed-at-noon and the hairy hawkweed, both of them common
English meadow-plants. The first, and more quaintly named, of the two
has little ribbed fruits that end in a long and narrow beak, supporting
a radial rib-work of spokes like the frame of an umbrella; and from rib
to rib of this framework stretch feathery cross-pieces, continuous all
round, so as to make of the whole mechanism a perfect circular
parachute, resembling somewhat the web of a geometrical spider. But the
hairy hawkweed is still more cunning in its generation; for that clever
and cautious weed produces its seeds or fruits in clustered heads, of
which the central ones are winged, while the outer are heavy, squat,
and wingless. Thus does the plant make the best of all chances that may
happen to open before it: if one lot goes far and fares but ill, the
other is pretty sure to score a bull's-eye.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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