Scientific American Supplement, No. 299, September 24, 1881Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 299, September 24, 1881
Various
Science -- Periodicals
The question of corrosion is one which is gradually being answered as
time goes on; and so far very satisfactorily for steel. Some steel
boilers were examined a few weeks ago which were among the first made;
and the superintending engineer reports: "There is no sign of pitting
or corrosion in any part of the boiler; the boilers are washed out very
carefully every voyage, and very carefully examined, and I cannot trace
anything either leaking or eating away. No zinc is used, only care in
washing out, drying out, and managing the water." This is the evidence
of an engineer with a large number of vessels in his charge. On the
other hand, some of the most prominent Liverpool engineers always use
zinc, and take care to apply it most strictly. The evidence of one
of them is as follows: "We always fix slabs of zinc to most boilers,
exposing not less than a surface of one square foot for every twenty
indicated horse-power, and distributed throughout the boiler. This zinc
we find to be in a state of oxide and crumbling away in about three
months. We then renew the whole, and find this will last twelve months
or more, when it is renewed again. Meanwhile we have no pitting and no
corrosion; but on the contrary, the interior surfaces appear to have
taken a coating of oxide of zinc all over, and we have no trouble with
them."
HOW THE MARINE ENGINE MAY BE IMPROVED.
Then the writer considered our present marine engine as to its
efficiency and capability of further improvement. The weight of
machinery, water, and fuel carried for propelling ships has not had due
attention in the general practice of engineers. By the best shipping
authorities the writer is assured that every ton of dead weight capacity
is worth on an average £10 per annum as earning freight. Assuming,
therefore, the weight of the machinery and water of any ordinary vessel
to be 300 tons, and that, by careful design and judicious use of
materials, the engineer can reduce it by 100 tons, without increasing
the cost of working, he makes the vessel worth £1,000 per annum more to
her owners. That there is much room for improvement in this direction is
shown by the following statement, giving, for various classes of ships,
the average weight of machinery, including engines, boilers, water, and
all fittings ready for sea, in pounds, per indicated horse power:
Lb. per I. H. P.
Merchant steamers.......................... 480
Royal Navy................................. 300
Engines specially designed for light draught
vessels...................................280
Royal Navy, Polyphemus class (given by Mr.
Wright).................................. 180
Modern locomotive.......................... 140
Torpedo vessels............................. 60
Ordinary marine boilers, including water... 196
Locomotive boilers, including water......... 60
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