Suppose you want to make a joint round a lead and iron pipe. First file the end of your iron pipe as far up as you would shave it if it were lead, and be sure to file it quite bright and free from grease; heat your soldering-iron; then, with your spirit-brush, paint the prepared end of your iron, and with your bit, rub over the pipe plenty of solder, until the pipe is properly tinned, not forgetting to use plenty of spirits; this done, you can put your joint together, and wipe in the usual manner. Caution.--Do not put too much heat on your iron pipe, either when tinning or making the joint, or the solder will not take or stand. DUMMIES FOR PIPE-BENDING. [Illustration: FIGS. 38. and 38B.] Figs. 38 and 38B. This tool I had better describe before proceeding to the method of bending. To make it take a piece of, say, 1/2 in. iron pipe, 3 ft. long, or the length required, bent a little at one end, as shown at A B in Fig. 38 and Fig. 38B. Tin the end about 2 in. up, make a hole with a small plumbing-iron in some sand, and place the tinned end of the iron pipe, B, into this hole; fill the hole up with good hot lead, and the dummy, after it has been rasped up a little, is ready for use. It will be found handy to have three or four different lengths, and bent to different angles, to suit your work. A straight one (Fig. 38B.) made to screw into an iron socket or length of gas-pipe, will be found very handy for getting dents out of long lengths of soil-pipe. BENDS AND SET-OFFS. Before you begin bending solid pressed pipes always put the thickest part of your pipe _at the back_. Lead, in a good plumber's hands, may be twisted into every conceivable shape; but, as in all other trades, there is a right and a wrong way of doing everything, and there are many different methods, each having a right and wrong way, which I shall describe. I shall be pleased if my readers will adopt the style most suitable for their particular kind of work; of course I shall say which is the best for the class of work required. For small pipes, such as from 1/2 in. to 1 in. "_stout_ pipe," you may pull them round without trouble or danger; but for larger sizes, say, from 11/4 in. to 2 in., some little care is necessary, even in stout pipes.