Produced by Olaf Voss, Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Distributed Proofreaders Team [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 324 NEW YORK, MARCH 18, 1882 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XIII, No. 324. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS--Machine Tools for Boiler Makers. 2 figures.--Improved boiler plate radial drill.--Improved boiler plate bending roller. Modern Ordnance. By COLONEL MAITLAND.--Rifled cannon.--Built guns.--Steel castings.--Breech loading.--Long guns.--Slow burning of powder.--Breech closers.--Projectiles.--Destructive power of guns. Oscillating Cylinder Locomotive. 2 figures.--Shaw's oscillating cylinder locomotive. Gas Motors and Producers. By C. W. SIEMENS--2 figures. The Bazin System of Dredging. By A. A. LANGLEY.--3 figures. II. CHEMISTRY.--On the Mydriatic Alkaloids. By ALBERT LADENBERG. --I. Atropine.--II. The Atropine of Datura Stramonium. --III. Hyoscyamine from Hyoscyamus. Detection of Small Quantities of Morphia. By A. JORISSEN. The Estimation of Manganese by Titration. By C. G. SARNSTROM. On the Estimation and Separation of Manganese. By NELSON H. DARTON. Delicate Test for Oxygen. Determination of Small Quantities of Arsenic in Sulphur. By H. SCHAEPPI. III. BIOLOGY, ETC.--Researches on Animals Containing Chlorophyl. --Abstract of a long and valuable paper "On the Nature and Functions of the Yellow Cells of Radiolarians and Coelenterates," read to the Royal Society of Edinburgh. By PATRICK GEDDES. The Hibernation of Animals, An interesting review of the winter habits of some of our familiar animals, insects, etc. IV. HORTICULTURE, SILK CULTURE, ETC.--How to Plant Trees. By N. ROBERTSON. The Growth of Palms. The Future of Silk Culture in the United States. Report of United States Consul Peixotto, of Lyons. A valuable and encouraging summary of the conditions and prospects of silk culture in the United States. V. TECHNOLOGY, ETC.--Compressed Oil Gas for Lighting Cars, Steamboats, and Buoys. An elaborate description of the apparatus and appliances of the Pintsch system of illumination. 14 figures. Elevation and plan of works.--Cars.--Locomotive and car lamps.--Buoys.--Regulations, etc. VI. ART, ARCHITECTURE, ETC.--Cast Iron in Architecture. VII. ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM, ETC.--On the Mechanical Production of Electric Currents. 12 figures. Rousse's Secondary Battery. VIII. MISCELLANEOUS.--Dangers from Lightning in Blasting. The Tincal Trade of Asia. Sir W. Palliser. Obituary and summary of his inventions.