Produced by Olaf Voss, Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreaders Team [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 358 NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 11, 1882 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XIV, No. 358. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS I. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS.--Hydraulic Filtering Press for Treating Oleaginous Seeds.--Details of construction and manipulation.--15 figures Laurent & Collot's Automatic Injection Pump.--6 figures. Improved Dredger.--1 figure.--One ton bucket dredge. History of the Fire Extinguisher. How to Tow a Boat.--1 figure. Railways of Europe and America. Locomotive Painting. By JOHN S. ATWATER. Crackle Glass.--New Process. How Marbles are Made. II. TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY.--Drawing Room Photography. A New Method of Preparing Photographic Gelatine Emulsion by Precipitation of the Bromide of Silver. By FRANZ STOLZE. Taylor's Freezing Microtome.--1 figure. Vincent's Chloride of Methyl Ice Machine. 10 figures.-- Longitudinal and transverse sections of freezer.--Half plan of freezer.--Longitudinal and vertical sections and plan of pump.-- Details.--Vertical section of the liquefier. Carbonic Acid in the Air. By M. DUMAS. Influence of Aqueous Vapor on the Explosion of Carbonic Oxide and Oxygen. By HAROLD B. DIXON. Composition of Beers Made Partly from New Grain. III. BOTANY, HORTICULTURE, ETC.--Double Buttercups.--1 figure. Ligustrum Quihoui.--1 figure. Raphiolepis Japonica.--1 figure. Rivina Lævis. Apples in Store. IV. ELECTRICITY, LIGHT, HEAT. ETC.--Before it happened.-- How the telegraph gets ahead of time. The Ader Relay.--By R.G. BROWN. The Platinum Water Pyrometer.--By J.C. HOADLEY. 2 figures. --Description of apparatus.--Heat carriers.--Manipulating. V. HYGIENE AND MEDICINE. ETC.--The British Sanitary Congress. --Address of President Galton.--The causes of disease. Researches of Pasteur, Lister, Koch, Klebs, etc--Germ theory of malaria.--Cholera.--The water question.--Effects of sewering.-- Influence of smoke and fogs.--Importance of a circulation of air. --Health conditions of different classes.--Economic advantages of sanitary measures. Psychological Development in Children.--By G.J. ROMANES. The Racial Characteristics of Man. Eccentricity and Idiosyncrasy.--By DR. WM. A. HAMMOND. Pyorrhea Alveolaris--By DR. J.M. RIGGS.--A curious disease of the teeth and its treatment. Sulphur as a Preservative against Marsh Fever.