Produced by Olaf Voss, Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 360 NEW YORK, NOVEMBER 25, 1882 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XIV, No. 360. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS.--Soaking Pits for Steel Ingots. --On the successful rolling of steel ingots with their own initial heat by means of the soaking pit process. By JOHN GJERS. 6 figures.--Gjers' soaking pits for steel ingots. Tempering by compression.--L. Clemandot's process. Economical Steam Power. By WILLIAM BARNET LE VAN. Mississippi River Improvements near St. Louis, Mo. Bunte's Burette for the Analysis of Furnace Gases. 2 figures. The "Universal" Gas Engine. 8 figures.--Improved gas engine. Gas Furnace for Baking Refractory Products. 1 figure. The Efficiency of Fans. 5 figures. Machine for Compressing Coal Refuse into Fuel. 1 figure.-- Bilan's machine. Hank Sizing and Wringing Machine. 1 figure. Improved Coke Breaker. 2 figures. Improvements in Printing Machinery. 2 figures. II. TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY.--Apparatus for Obtaining Pure Water for Photographic Use. 3 figures. Black Phosphorus.--By P THENARD. Composition of Steep Water Schreiber's Apparatus for Revivifying Bone Black. 5 figures.-- Plant: elevation and plan.--Views of elevation.--Continuous furnace. Soap and its Manufacture from a Consumer's Point of View. (Continued from SUPPLEMENT, No. 330). Cotton seed Oil.--By S. S. BRADFORD. On some Apparatus that Permit of Entering Flames.--Chevalier Aldini's wire gauze and asbestos protectors.--Brewster's account of test experiments. III. ELECTRICITY, LIGHT. ETC.--On a New Arc Electric Lamp. By W. H. PREECE. 6 figures--The Abdank system.--The lamp.-- The Electro-magnet.--The Cut-off.--The electrical arrangement. Utilization of Solar Heat. IV. NATURAL HISTORY.--The Ocellated Pheasant. 1 figure. The Maidenhair Tree in the Gardens at Broadlands, Hants, England. 1 figure. The Woods of America.--The Jessup collection in the American Museum of Natural History, Central Park, and the characteristics of the specimens. V. AGRICULTURE, ETC.--An Industrial Revolution.--Increase in the number of farms. A Farmer's Lime Kiln. 3 figures. The Manufacture of Apple Jelly. Improved Grape Bags. 4 figures.