Produced by Olaf Voss, Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreaders Team [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 363 NEW YORK, DECEMBER 16, 1882 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XIV, No. 363. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS I. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS.--The New York Canals.-- Their history, dimensions, and commercial influence Cottrau's Locomotive for Ascending Steep Grades.--1 figure Bachmann's Steam Drier--3 figures H. S. Parmelee's Patent Automatic sprinkler.--2 figures Instrument for Drawing Converging Straight Lines.--10 figures Feed Water Heater and Purifier. By GEO. S. STRONG.--2 figures Paper Making "Down East." Goulier's Tube Gauge.--1 figure.-Plan and longitudinal and transverse sections Soldering Without an Iron Working Copper Ores at Spenceville II. TECHNOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY-New Method of Detecting Dyes on Yarns and Tissues. By JULES JOFFRE.--Reagents.--Red colors.--Violet colors Chevalet's Condenso-purifier for Gas.--2 figures.--Elevation and plan Artificial Ivory Creosote Impurities. By Prof P. W. BEDFORD III. ELECTRICITY. ETC.--Sir William Thomson's Pile--2 figures Siemens' Telemeter.--1 figure.--Siemens electric telemeter Physics Without Apparatus.--Experiment in static electricity.-- 1 figure The Cascade Battery. By F. HIGGINS.--1 figure Perfectly Lovely Philosophy IV. ASTRONOMY, ETC.--The Comet as seen from the Pyramids near Cairo, Egypt.--1 figure Sunlight and skylight at High Altitudes.--Influence of the atmosphere upon the solar spectrum.--Observations of Capt. Abney and Professor Langley.--2 figures How to Establish a True Meridian V. MINERALOGY.--The Mineralogical Localities in and Around New York City, and the Minerals Occurring Therein. By NELSON H. DAKTON. Part III.--Hoboken minerals.--Magnesite.--Dolomite. --Brucite.--Aragonite.--Serpentine.--Chromic iron--Datholite. --Pectolite.--Feldspar.--Copper mines, Arlington, N.J.-Green malachite.--Red oxide of copper.--Copper glance.--Erubescite VI. ENTOMOLOGY.--The Buckeye Leaf Stem Borer Defoliation of Oak Trees by _Dryocampa senatoria_ in Perry County, Pa. Efficacy of Chalcid Egg Parasites On the Biology of _Gonatopis Pilosus_, Thoms Species of Otiorhynchadae Injurious to Cultivated Plants VII. ART, ARCHITECTURE, ETC.--Monteverde's Statue of Architecture. --Full page illustration, _Lit Architectura_. By JULI MONTEVERDE Design for a Gardener's Cottage.--1 figure VIII. HYGIENE AND MEDICINE.--Remedy for Sick Headache