Produced by Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland, and Distributed Proofreaders [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 385 NEW YORK, MAY 19, 1883 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XV., No. 385. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. NATURAL HISTORY.--Fishes of Cuban Waters. Panax Victoriæ.--1 Illustration. A Note on Sap. By Prof. ATTFIELD. The Crow.--Illustration. The Praying Mantis and its Allies.--Illustration. May Flies.--2 illustrations. II. TECHNOLOGY.--A Quick Way to Ascertain the Focus of a Lens.--1 diagram. The History of the Pianoforte. By A.J. HIPKINS.--Different parts of a pianoforte and their uses.--Inventor of the instrument and his "action."--First German piano-maker.--Square pianos.--Pianos of Broadwood, Backers, Stodart, and Erard.--Introduction of metal tubes, plates, bars, and frames.--Improvements of Meyer, the Steinways, Chickerings, and others.--Upright pianos.--Several figures. III. MEDICINE AND HYGIENE.--The Poisonous Properties of Nitrate of Silver and a Recent Case of Poisoning with the Same. By H. A. MOTT, Jr. Tubercle Bacilli in Sputa. Malaria. By Dr. JAMES H. SALISBURY.--VIII. Local observations.--Effect of the sun on ague plants.--Investigations into the cause of ague.--Notes on marsh miasm.--Analysis of malari a plant.--Numerous figures. IV. ENGINEERING.--Torpedo Boats.--Full page illustration. Pictet's High Speed Boat.--Several figures and diagrams. Initial Stability Indicator for Ships.--4 figures. V. ELECTRICITY, LIGHT, AND HEAT.--Scrivanow's Chloride of Silver Pile.--2 figures. On the Luminosity of Flame. VI. CHEMISTRY.--New Bleaching Process, with Regeneration of the Baths Used. By M. BONNEVILLE. Detection of Magenta, Archil, and Cudbear in Wine. VII. ARCHITECTURE.--The Pantheon at Rome. VIII. MISCELLANEOUS.--The Raphael Celebration at Rome.--3 Illustrations. Great International Fisheries Exhibition.--1 figure. Puppet Shows among the Greeks.--3 illustrations. * * * * * THE RAPHAEL CELEBRATION AT ROME.